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All Journal International Journal of Advances in Data and Information Systems
Reski, Julia Mega
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Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Classification of Crystallization Images of Pharmaceutical Raw Materials Using Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm Yudhana, Anton; Reski, Julia Mega
International Journal of Advances in Data and Information Systems Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): December 2025 - International Journal of Advances in Data and Information Syste
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Journal

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59395/ijadis.v6i3.1440

Abstract

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has opened new opportunities for automation in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in the classification of raw drug materials. Manual classification methods are time-consuming and prone to human error, highlighting the need for reliable automated solutions. This study applied a deep learning approach for classifying crystallization images of pharmaceutical raw materials using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). A dataset of 300 crystallization images of Nicotinamide and Ferulic Acid was obtained through hot-stage microscopy, preprocessed with normalization, resizing, and augmentation, and divided into training, validation, and testing subsets. The CNN model was trained for 10 epochs and evaluated using a confusion matrix and standard performance metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score). The model achieved perfect recall for Ferulic Acid and 90% recall with 100% precision for Nicotinamide, resulting in an overall accuracy of 95%. While these results are promising, the relatively small dataset may limit generalization, and further validation with larger or external datasets is required. The findings indicate that CNN-based methods hold strong potential for automating crystallization classification, improving pharmaceutical quality control, and reducing reliance on manual assessment, in line with recent advances in medical and pharmaceutical image analysis.
Identification of Drug Material Melting Conditions from Hot-Stage Microscopy Images Using Active Contour and Support Vector Machine Methods Reski, Julia Mega; Ramadhani, Muhammad
International Journal of Advances in Data and Information Systems Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April 2026 - International Journal of Advances in Data and Information Systems
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Journal

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59395/ijadis.v7i1.1513

Abstract

The hospital pharmacy installation plays an essential role in ensuring the quality of pharmaceutical supplies. One important stage in drug production is raw material analysis, particularly melting point determination as a purity indicator. Conventional methods, such as capillary tubes, are limited in accuracy and prone to subjectivity. This study aims to develop an automated image-based monitoring system integrated with Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM) to objectively detect real-time morphological changes in pharmaceutical materials. The system was designed using digital image processing stages consisting of image acquisition, processing, and output. Images were captured using a binocular microscope and processed on an Odroid XU4 mini-computer. Phase boundaries were identified using the Active Contour segmentation method, while texture features were extracted using the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) at four orientation angles. Classification was performed using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with a Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel. The results showed that the Active Contour method effectively detected melting phases, and the SVM achieved an accuracy of 91.67%, precision of 91.89%, sensitivity of 91.67%, and an F1-score of 91.66%. The system successfully distinguished pure Paracetamol from mixtures with Gallic Acid and Ferulic Acid.
Co-Authors Anton Yudhana Ramadhani, Muhammad