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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)
Abdullah, Mohammed Fadhl
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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Adaptive control techniques for improving anti-lock braking system performance in diverse friction scenarios Abdullah, Mohammed Fadhl; Qasem, Gehad Ali Abdulrahman; Ramadhan, Mazen Farid; Lim, Heng Siong; Lee, Chin Poo; Alsakkaf, Nasr Alsakkaf
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 1: February 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i1.pp260-279

Abstract

Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) enhance vehicle safety by preventing wheel lock-up, but their effectiveness depends on tire-road friction. Traditional braking systems struggle to maintain effective performance due to the risk of wheel lock-up on varying road surfaces, affecting vehicle stability and control. This study presents a novel method to improve ABS efficiency across varying friction conditions. The proposed approach employs a feedback control mechanism to dynamically adjust the braking force of each wheel based on the prevailing friction coefficient. Specifically, we incorporate a P-controller in the input signal and two additional P-controllers as output and input parameters for friction. By manipulating the proportional control values, key parameters such as wheel speed, stopping distance, and slip rate can be effectively managed. Notably, our investigation reveals intriguing interactions between the proportional controls, highlighting the complexity of ABS optimization. The method was evaluated through simulations across various friction conditions, comparing it to conventional ABS in terms of brake performance, stability, and stopping distances. The results indicate that the proposed method significantly enhances ABS performance across varying friction coefficients; however, additional research is warranted to address stopping distance and time issues, particularly in snowy and icy conditions.
Evolving Software Protection: A Genetic Algorithm Based Framework for Dynamic Code Obfuscation bin-Shamlan, Mohammed Hassan; Abdullah, Mohammed Fadhl
Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijar.v4i3.13984

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based code obfuscation technique using Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) to enhance software security. The method aims to protect proprietary logic from reverse engineering by generating diverse obfuscated code variants. It applies variable renaming, dead code insertion, and control flow changes within a GA framework, optimized for interpreted languages like Python. A multi-objective fitness function evaluates both cyclomatic complexity and execution time to balance obfuscation strength and performance. Experimental results show that the technique significantly increases code complexity while preserving functionality. The approach demonstrates strong potential for securing software against unauthorized analysis, offering an effective defense through intelligent, language-aware code transformation.
Co-Authors Alsakkaf, Nasr Alsakkaf bin-Shamlan, Mohammed Hassan Lee, Chin Poo Lim, Heng Siong Qasem, Gehad Ali Abdulrahman Ramadhan, Mazen Farid