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All Journal Annals of Management and Organization Research Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education International Journal of Islamic Business and Management Review International Journal of Management and Business Applied International Journal of Applied Management and Business
Ocan, Johnson
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Religion Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Unraveling communication effects on small-scale vendors’ businesses in Kigali’s Ejoheza Modern Market Manirakiza, Jean Baptiste; Majariwa, David; Ocan, Johnson
Annals of Management and Organization Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): November
Publisher : goodwood publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/amor.v7i2.2691

Abstract

Purpose: The research aimed to understand how small-scale vendors exchange with their customers from various linguistic backgrounds. It particularly sought to explore how language proficiency influences business interactions and customer satisfaction in the Ejoheza Modern Market, Kigali. Methods: Using a qualitative approach, the study investigated the language preferences and communication practices of small-scale vendors. Data were collected through direct observation and interviews with selected vendors to identify the main languages used in daily transactions and coping mechanisms adopted when facing language barriers. Results: The findings revealed that all vendors can easily speak Kinyarwanda, but only a few of them can communicate in English and French. This limitation affects their interaction with non-Kinyarwanda-speaking customers, often leading to communication breakdowns. To address this challenge, vendors rely on translation applications on their phones or seek assistance from interpreters to facilitate exchanges. Conclusion: The study concludes that language proficiency significantly influences vendors’ ability to attract and serve diverse customers, which in turn affects sales and market inclusivity. Limitations: The study was limited to Ejoheza Modern Market and did not include other markets in Kigali, which restricts the generalization of the findings. Contribution: This study highlights the critical role of language skills in enhancing small-scale vendors’ business success. It recommends establishing affordable language training programs to empower vendors, improve customer relations, and promote inclusive economic growth in Rwanda’s urban markets.
Financial Inclusion and Governance Challenges in Higher Education Compared, Perspectives from State Universities Eton, Marus; Ocan, Johnson; Agea, Jacob Godfrey; Okello-Obura, Constant; Mwosi, Fabian; Ogwel, Bernard Patrick
Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Goodwood Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/jshe.v6i2.3717

Abstract

Purpose: This study critically examines the widely held belief that financial inclusion and governance are essential to understanding the evolution of highly complex structures and systems within higher education. Research Methodology: This study adopted a qualitative, multifaceted approach centered on case studies and a learning analytics strategy to evaluate institutions' effectiveness in achieving intended outcomes. Results: The study revealed that inadequate government funding, weak policies, and limited stakeholder engagement have significantly affected the governance of state-owned universities. Over-reliance on dwindling donor funding has also impacted research and innovation within these institutions. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the need for improved financial management systems, better access to financial services, and policy reforms in state-owned universities to enhance governance and sustainability. Limitations: This study is limited in its exclusive focus on public universities, which may not fully capture the broader spectrum of experiences across different educational settings, such as private institutions or vocational schools. Contributions: This study contributes to the link between financial inclusion and governance in higher education institutions by offering insights that can guide policy and institutional reforms in educational settings within the country.
Co-Authors Adyanga, Francis Akena Agea, Jacob Godfrey Akena Adyanga, Francis Akena, Francis Barigye, Benson Eton, Marus Majariwa, David Manirakiza, Jean Baptiste Mugabe, Robert Mwosi, Fabian Niwabiine, Grace Ogwel, Bernard Patrick Okello-Obura, Constant Rutarindwa, Alphonse