Rahmi, Melvi
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Dialog Hukum Adat dan Islam: Kritik Syeikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi Terhadap Sistem Waris di Minangkabau Arif, Muhammad Fahmil; Rahmi, Melvi; Endriyenti, Endriyenti
USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/usraty.v2i1.8379

Abstract

This research discusses the two main forces influencing Minangkabau society, namely custom and religion. The matrilineal system practiced in Minangkabau has significant differences compared to the Islamic kinship system, particularly in terms of inheritance distribution. These differences often become a source of conflict and academic interest, especially among scholars of Islamic law. One figure who firmly opposes the customary inheritance system in Minangkabau is Sheikh Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi, a prominent scholar who served as Imam, Khatib, and teacher in Mecca. This study employs a library research approach with a descriptive analytical method to explore Sheikh Ahmad Khatib's critiques of the prevailing inheritance system. Sheikh Ahmad Khatib argues that customary practices that divert inheritance to nephews rather than biological children contradict Islamic principles. He even equates this action with consuming the wealth of orphans, a deed prohibited in Islam. During his time, there was ambiguity regarding the ownership status of property in Minangkabau society whether it belonged to a father or was property of the clan managed by the niniak mamak. When a father passed away, the inheritance that should rightfully go to biological children often ended up with nephews, leading to injustice. Sheikh Ahmad Khatib's sharp criticism emphasizes the need for reform in the customary inheritance system to align it with Islamic law and protect the rights of children, thereby reducing conflict and injustice in Minangkabau society in the future.
Dialog Hukum Adat dan Islam: Kritik Syeikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi Terhadap Sistem Waris di Minangkabau Arif, Muhammad Fahmil; Rahmi, Melvi; Endriyenti, Endriyenti
USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Editions January-June 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/usraty.v2i1.8379

Abstract

This research discusses the two main forces influencing Minangkabau society, namely custom and religion. The matrilineal system practiced in Minangkabau has significant differences compared to the Islamic kinship system, particularly in terms of inheritance distribution. These differences often become a source of conflict and academic interest, especially among scholars of Islamic law. One figure who firmly opposes the customary inheritance system in Minangkabau is Sheikh Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi, a prominent scholar who served as Imam, Khatib, and teacher in Mecca. This study employs a library research approach with a descriptive analytical method to explore Sheikh Ahmad Khatib's critiques of the prevailing inheritance system. Sheikh Ahmad Khatib argues that customary practices that divert inheritance to nephews rather than biological children contradict Islamic principles. He even equates this action with consuming the wealth of orphans, a deed prohibited in Islam. During his time, there was ambiguity regarding the ownership status of property in Minangkabau society whether it belonged to a father or was property of the clan managed by the niniak mamak. When a father passed away, the inheritance that should rightfully go to biological children often ended up with nephews, leading to injustice. Sheikh Ahmad Khatib's sharp criticism emphasizes the need for reform in the customary inheritance system to align it with Islamic law and protect the rights of children, thereby reducing conflict and injustice in Minangkabau society in the future.
The Urgency of Recognizing out-of-Court Divorce in Banuhampu Sub-District from a Maslahah Perspective Rahmi, Melvi; Yenti, Endri; Nofiardi
Modern Islamic Studies and Sharia Research Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Pascasarjana UIN Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/missr.v1i1.9632

Abstract

Hukum negara mengatur bahwa perceraian hanya sah jika dilakukan melalui Pengadilan Agama. Namun, di Banuhampu, banyak kasus talak di luar pengadilan tetap terjadi. Keyakinan masyarakat yang berbeda, sebagian meyakini talak sah secara agama, sementara lainnya percaya talak hanya sah jika dilakukan melalui pengadilan, menyebabkan kesewenang-wenangan beberapa suami dalam menjatuhkan talak di luar pengadilan. Kedua pandangan ini menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum dan merugikan hak-hak perempuan serta anak. Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) mengeluarkan fatwa yang mengakui sahnya talak di luar pengadilan asalkan dilaporkan ke Pengadilan Agama, menjadi landasan pengakuan talak di luar pengadilan. Penelitian ini mengkaji latar belakang talak di luar pengadilan di Banuhampu dan bagaimana pengakuan terhadap talak di luar pengadilan dapat memberikan kemaslahatan. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pihak terkait dan tokoh masyarakat, sementara data sekunder dikumpulkan dari sumber relevan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pengelompokan, penggabungan, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengakuan talak di luar pengadilan, melalui pendekatan maslahah mursalah, memenuhi tiga syarat: membawa manfaat rasional, tidak bertentangan dengan syariat, dan melindungi pihak terdampak seperti istri dan anak. Meskipun bukan kebutuhan primer, pengakuan talak termasuk dalam kategori hajiyyat yang penting untuk menyelesaikan masalah perceraian di Banuhampu. Bagi tokoh masyarakat, pengakuan talak melalui pengadilan menyelaraskan hukum agama dengan hukum negara, menciptakan kepastian hukum, melindungi hak perempuan dan anak, serta mencegah konflik di masa depan. Abstract Hukum negara mengatur bahwa perceraian hanya sah jika dilakukan melalui Pengadilan Agama. Namun, di Banuhampu, banyak kasus talak di luar pengadilan tetap terjadi. Keyakinan masyarakat yang berbeda, sebagian meyakini talak sah secara agama, sementara lainnya percaya talak hanya sah jika dilakukan melalui pengadilan, menyebabkan kesewenang-wenangan beberapa suami dalam menjatuhkan talak di luar pengadilan. Kedua pandangan ini menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum dan merugikan hak-hak perempuan serta anak. Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) mengeluarkan fatwa yang mengakui sahnya talak di luar pengadilan asalkan dilaporkan ke Pengadilan Agama, menjadi landasan pengakuan talak di luar pengadilan. Penelitian ini mengkaji latar belakang talak di luar pengadilan di Banuhampu dan bagaimana pengakuan terhadap talak di luar pengadilan dapat memberikan kemaslahatan. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pihak terkait dan tokoh masyarakat, sementara data sekunder dikumpulkan dari sumber relevan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pengelompokan, penggabungan, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengakuan talak di luar pengadilan, melalui pendekatan maslahah mursalah, memenuhi tiga syarat: membawa manfaat rasional, tidak bertentangan dengan syariat, dan melindungi pihak terdampak seperti istri dan anak. Meskipun bukan kebutuhan primer, pengakuan talak termasuk dalam kategori hajiyyat yang penting untuk menyelesaikan masalah perceraian di Banuhampu. Bagi tokoh masyarakat, pengakuan talak melalui pengadilan menyelaraskan hukum agama dengan hukum negara, menciptakan kepastian hukum, melindungi hak perempuan dan anak, serta mencegah konflik di masa depan. Abstract Write State law stipulates that divorce is only valid if it is done through the Religious Court. However, in Banuhampu, many cases of off court divorce continue to occur. The different beliefs of the community, with some believing that divorce is valid religiously, while others believe that divorce is only valid if done through the courts, has led to the arbitrariness of some husbands in imposing divorce outside the courts. Both views create legal uncertainty and harm the rights of women and children. The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) issued a fatwa recognizing the validity of off court divorce as long as it is reported to the Religious Court, providing a foundation for the recognition of out-of-court divorce. This study examines the background of off court talak in Banuhampu and how the recognition of off court talak can provide benefits. Using a qualitative approach, primary data was obtained through in-depth interviews with relevant parties and community leaders, while secondary data was collected from relevant sources. Data analysis was conducted by grouping, combining, and drawing conclusions. The results show that off court talak recognition, through the maslahah mursalah approach, fulfills three conditions: bringing rational benefits, not contradicting the Shari'ah, and protecting affected parties such as wives and children. Although it is not a primary need, divorce acknowledgment falls into the category of hajiyyat which is important for resolving divorce issues in Banuhampu. For community leaders, divorce recognition through the court harmonizes religious law with state law, creates legal certainty, protects the rights of women and children, and prevents future conflicts.