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All Journal International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science Journal of Governance Risk Management Compliance and Sustainability
Mokoele, Ngoako Johannes
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Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Social Sciences Other

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The Role of Traditional Leadership in Rural Development in South Africa: An Analysis of the Dualistic Government System Monama, Sakiel Albert; Mokoele, Ngoako Johannes
Journal of Governance Risk Management Compliance and Sustainability Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): October Volume
Publisher : Center for Risk Management & Sustainability and RSF Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31098/jgrcs.v4i2.1943

Abstract

Rural areas in many developing countries face distinct development challenges that often require a nuanced understanding of local governance structures. In many rural areas, traditional leadership coexists with local government structures as custodians of governance, resulting in what can be termed a dualistic government system.  The dualistic government system is evident where traditional leadership operates alongside the modern democratic government structures, which were established in the post-apartheid era to provide effective service delivery. However, in some cases, there have been clashes between local governments and traditional leadership in attempting to provide service delivery in the land still under the custodianship of chieftains, which hindered the effective provision of service in most rural areas. This paper examines the role of traditional leadership in rural development by focusing on the dualistic government system prevalent in chieftain-controlled areas, using the case of Motantanyane Village in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The paper was based on a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) research approach, with a sample of 86 participants who were sampled on the basis of purposive sampling and systematic sampling designs. Semi-structured questionnaires and unstructured interviews were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The findings showed that traditional leadership is a cornerstone of rural development and that their leadership is essential for bringing about constructive change and promoting development within their communities. The paper concluded that despite its flaws, traditional leadership continues to be important and relevant in rural communities today, especially regarding protecting social traditions, customs, and cultural values. The paper recommended that the role of traditional leadership be redefined in legislative frameworks and that it be involved in all facets of rural development decision-making to create more effective and inclusive development that addresses the issues of chieftain-controlled communities.
Repatriation of the Brain Drain to Brain Gain Dichotomy from Urban Areas to Rural Areas: Decentralizing Development SELELO, Mohale Ernest; MOKOELE, Ngoako Johannes; MNISI, Pearl Thobeka
International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science Vol. 4 No. 6 (2023): International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science (Nov
Publisher : PT Keberlanjutan Strategis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38142/ijesss.v4i6.739

Abstract

The development stagnation or lack thereof of rural areas in South Africa is fast becoming unprecedented because of the loss of much human capital to urban areas. Therefore, the paper aims to conceptualize and analyze the implications of the brain drain in rural areas. The central argument of this paper is that the unprecedented relocation of youthful and educated human capital from rural to urban areas perpetuates underdevelopment in these areas. This shift of skilled and educated population can be noted as brain drain and with the antagonist arguing that it is brain gain in urban areas. Consequently, rural areas experienced depopulation, which did not spark interest in investment toward development. In that, the proliferation of underdevelopment facets in rural areas can be attributed to the loss of losing human capital from people with skills, knowledge, expertise, abilities, and capabilities migrating from rural to urban areas. Therefore, most rural areas need more capacitated people to enhance their socioeconomic conditions. This conceptual paper adopts a literature-based methodology to assess and critique the repatriation of the brain drain from urban areas to rural areas and decentralize development to benefit people in rural areas. It finds that rural areas still need to be developed due to brain drain (loss of human capital) and rural-urban migration. It recommends that people with the necessary skills, knowledge, and experience return to the communities to decentralize and reindustrialize rural areas for better living standards.
Co-Authors MNISI, Pearl Thobeka Monama, Sakiel Albert Selelo, Mohale Ernest