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All Journal Journal of Power, Energy, and Control
Kitheka, Joel Mwithui
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Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Economic Load Dispatch on a 132 kV Line with Service Potential Transformer Substations: A Case Study of Juja-Rabai Line. Kitheka, Joel Mwithui; Moses, Peter Musau; Nyete, Abraham Mutunga; Abungu, Nicodemus O.
Journal of Power, Energy, and Control Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : MSD Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62777/pec.v1i2.26

Abstract

Power outages have created significant challenges for power system networks, particularly in developing countries where the electricity demand continues to rise without a corresponding increase in power generation or the expansion of transmission and distribution networks. In Kenya, while there is a well-established transmission line network, the distribution infrastructure remains inadequate for supplying electricity to end consumers. This paper examines the economic load dispatch (ELD) of power system networks utilizing Service Potential Transformer (SPT) substations to provide electricity to villages located near high voltage (HV) lines. The ELD analysis was conducted to identify the optimal economic power output from the Kipevu, Rabai, and Thika thermal power plants, addressing the demand for both conventional and non-conventional substations. A gradient method was employed to calculate the ELD for these three generating units, and the results were validated using the PowerWorld simulator. Findings indicated that the three generators supplied 20 MW, 37.5 MW, and 12.5 MW, respectively. The results obtained from the gradient method are consistent with those obtained from PowerWorld software. Additionally, this study projected an annual fuel cost savings of USD 17,695.20 when ELD was implemented, compared to a scenario of equal load distribution among generating units. Over a ten-year period, these savings would be sufficient to establish a conventional distribution substation to meet the power demands of villages located further away from high voltage lines.
Load Flow Analysis of 132 kV Transmission Line with Optimally Terminated Service Potential Transformer Substations Kitheka, Joel Mwithui; Moses, Peter Musau; Nyete, Abraham Mutunga; Abungu, Nicodemus O.
Journal of Power, Energy, and Control Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : MSD Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62777/pec.v2i1.36

Abstract

Most villages in Sub-Saharan Africa still lack electricity, despite numerous initiatives and commissions established to address power demands in developing countries. Renewable energy, rural electrification, and non-conventional substations are currently being employed to tackle the electricity issue. This research explored the penetration level of Service Potential Transformer (SPT) substations to solve the lack of electricity in villages near high-voltage transmission lines. The study analyzed the power flow in the 132 kV Juja-Rabai transmission line using PowerWorld Simulator software and determined the optimal termination points for SPT substations. Cost minimization was used as the objective function. At the same time, the voltage profile of the transmission line, the power demand of households, and the distance of villages from the transmission line served as the research constraints. The findings indicated that seven SPT substations could be installed along the 132 kV Juja-Rabai transmission line to supply electricity to nearby villages. These non-conventional substations would be integrated with the existing conventional substations on the transmission line. The power flow analysis for the line was also conducted.
Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow on A 132 kV Line with Service Potential Transformer Substations: A Case Study of Juja-Rabai Line Kitheka, Joel Mwithui
Journal of Power, Energy, and Control Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : MSD Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62777/pec.v2i2.66

Abstract

The frequent power outages in transmission lines have been associated with generation station expansion to meet growing power demand without corresponding transmission infrastructure development, leading to exceeded loadability limits and system outages. This paper utilized PowerWorld simulator and a modeled Juja-Rabai power network to analyze secure optimal power flow conditions of a 132 kV transmission line with installed Service Potential Transformer (SPT) substations that address power demand from scattered villages near high voltage lines. The study focused on economic load dispatch of three thermal power plants (Thika, Rabai, and Kipevu) supplying power via conventional and non-conventional substations. Security constrained economic load dispatch, optimal power flow, and security constrained optimal power flow were analyzed under both pre-contingency and post-contingency states, including forced contingency scenarios. The results revealed that generating stations successfully adjusted their economic dispatch to achieve secure and economical operation, eliminating line outage risks. The analysis demonstrated that up to nine SPT substations can be optimally terminated on a 132 kV line while maintaining voltage stability and system security. The SCOPF methodology effectively balanced economic optimization with security requirements, providing a robust framework for transmission system planning in developing countries and supporting the viability of SPT technology for rural electrification.
Co-Authors Abungu, Nicodemus O. Moses, Peter Musau Nyete, Abraham Mutunga