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Design and Implementation of a Microcontroller-Based Adaptive Four-Way Traffic Light Control System for Traffic Optimization Muhammed, Aniru Abudu; Gregory, Omoruyi; Aigbodion, Emmanuella Osose
Journal of Power, Energy, and Control Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : MSD Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62777/pec.v1i2.34

Abstract

This paper presents the design and construction of a microcontroller-based four-way traffic light control system aimed at optimizing traffic flow by automatically adjusting signal timing based on traffic density at each intersection. The system is built around an Arduino ATmega328 microcontroller inter-faced with break beam infrared (IR) sensors (transmitters and receivers) and LED displays. The IR sensors are installed on both sides of the lanes at regulated intervals to detect traffic density. The system is powered by a 12V DC battery and a 5V, 3A power supply is provided using a buck converter IC (LM2596), which steps down the 12V from the battery to 5V, 3A. This 5V power is used to run the Arduino microcontroller and the Darlington pair ICs for current sinking and sourcing. As vehicles pass through the areas monitored by the IR sensors, the traffic density is measured for each opposing lane, allowing the system to determine which lane should be prioritized for traffic flow. The corresponding LED indicators are then activated accordingly.
Investigation and Analysis of End-User Service Integrity in LTE/5G Fixed Wireless Access Networks in Macrocellular Environments Muhammed, Aniru Abudu; Emagbetere, Joy Omoavowere
International Journal of Informatics, Information System and Computer Engineering (INJIISCOM) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): INJIISCOM: VOLUME 7, ISSUE 2, DECEMBER 2026 (Online First)
Publisher : Universitas Komputer Indonesia

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Abstract

Maintaining service integrity in fixed wireless access (FWA) networks requires reliable connectivity and thorough performance testing. This study compares LTE and 5G FWA in macrocellular environments by analyzing signal propagation, throughput, and latency. Field tests were conducted on post-production networks using 5G NR at 3.5 GHz and 2.5 GHz (43 dBm) and LTE at 3.5 GHz (31 dBm). The setup included customer premises equipment, measurement software, and a laptop, with all tests performed under Guaranteed Bit Rate conditions to ensure validity. Performance was evaluated using provisioned LTE and 5G SIMs with iPerf, QXDM, and Ping tools. Signal strength was measured against user terminal distance from the base station, while TCP traffic to an FTP server assessed uplink and downlink throughput under controlled conditions. The findings offer real-world insights to support improvements in FWA service quality and network reliability.