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All Journal Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal) International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET) International Review of Practical Innovation, Technology and Green Energy (IRPITAGE)
Zumeer Ahmad Sofi
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Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences Other

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THE CONTROVERSIAL TOKEN CURRENCY OF MUHAMMAD BIN TUGHLUQ: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS Zumeer Ahmad Sofi
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 2 No. 8 (2023): JULY
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijset.v2i8.189

Abstract

In this study, an attempt has been made to explore the historical significance and legacy of the token currency introduced by Muhammad bin Tughluq during his reign as Sultan of Delhi from 1325-1351. An audacious economic reform, the token currency aimed to ease the strain on the state treasury due to expansive military campaigns and territorial expansion. Notwithstanding, the revolutionary system underpinned by copper and brass coins, intended to supplant traditional precious metals, failed due to the lack of public trust and widespread counterfeiting. Despite its failure, this experiment represented an integral part of a broader socio-economic and cultural evolution. Tughluq's reign witnessed numerous reforms and ambitious projects like the shifting of the capital to Daulatabad and extensive irrigation projects, laying the foundation for the development in the Deccan region. Lessons from this experiment, such as the necessity of public trust, a robust infrastructure, and strong security measures, continue to be relevant for contemporary monetary practices and reforms, particularly in light of debates surrounding the digitization of money and the advent of crypto currencies.
MILITARY REFORMS AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF ALAUDDIN KHILJI Zumeer Ahmad Sofi
International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): February
Publisher : CV. Radja Publika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijebas.v3i1.1135

Abstract

Alauddin Khilji, the sovereign of the Delhi Sultanate during the medieval period in India, was confronted with a plethora of martial challenges throughout his rule. Among these challenges were the defence against Mongol incursions, the quelling of internal insurrections, the enlargement of the territorial boundaries of the Sultanate, and the surmounting of various logistical hindrances. In response to these exigencies, Khilji undertook considerable military reforms. These included the formation of a standing army, the enactment of rigorous disciplinary protocols, the initiation of the branding system for horses, and the erection of strategically positioned fortifications. These alterations were instrumental in fortifying his authority, augmenting the territorial expanse of the Sultanate, enhancing the efficacy of the military forces, and reinforcing the stability of the Delhi Sultanate. The military tactics and decisions of Khilji, encompassing his assertive expansionist approach and focus on defence, intelligence acquisition, and utilisation of resources, facilitated his martial triumphs and induced a transformative effect on the socio-political fabric of the Sultanate.
MILITARY ADMINISTRATION OF ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL INDIA- A CRITICAL ANALYSIS Zumeer Ahmad Sofi
International Review of Practical Innovation, Technology and Green Energy (IRPITAGE) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): March-June 2023
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/irpitage.v2i4.953

Abstract

So far as the military administration of any country is concern it always considered an integral and formidable part of any country. It not only reflects the might, defence but also measures the parameter of a country’s indomitable strength in present days India security force is of a great continuity of our past. It not only establishes the technique of managing the safety of India but also keep the enemy eyes far off. It plays an important role in managing the public affairs in a society as it works equivalent to public administrative guidance of our civil society. Military Administration have a wide scope and can be applied in civil, political, bureaucratic affairs as all these aspects are in-separable part of any society. It acts as a crucial step for the peace and prosperity of a country.
ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF KASHMIR UNDER SIKHS 1819-1846 Zumeer Ahmad Sofi
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): April (April-June)
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v3i1.1052

Abstract

The beautiful valley of Kashmir has been named by people with different names. Some call it "Heavens on Earth," some call it "Switzerland of India," and the famous Mughal rulers called it "Paradise on Earth." The valley has remained an apple in the eyes of foreign invaders since the very past. Among all these foreign rulers, some were rude and some were soft. The 19th-century Kashmir witnessed the rule of Sikhs, which stretched over a vast area extending from Kashgar in the east to Punjab in the north, Khorasan in the south, and Afghanistan in the west. The Sikh rule was founded by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1819 and continued by his successors till 1846. These Sikhs ruled Kashmir in a turbulent way, and the people of the valley suffered a lot. They imposed high taxes on innocent peasants, leaving the land uncultivated. They implemented a beggar system, which resulted in people leaving the valley. During this period, the economy of the valley faced a decline as trade decreased, and cottage industries were shut down. These Sikh rulers drained the economic resources of the country, resulting in the valley during the Sikh rule presenting a picture of a desert due to exorbitant taxes and inhuman tyranny of Sikh rulers.
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