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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Sudharmawan, A. A.
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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The Potential of The Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria Bassiana (bals) Vuillemin to Control Mealybugs Planococcus spp. Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Taupiq, Lukman; Sudantha, I Made; Sudharmawan, A. A.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1 (2024): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1.6514

Abstract

The mealybug insect pest planococcus spp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) attacks most plants, including food, horticultural, and plantation crops, which directly impacts reducing yields. Continuous control using pesticides made from synthetic chemicals harms environmental sustainability. The use of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana as a pest control for Planococcus spp. can be a long-term, environmentally friendly solution. The Beauveria bassiana fungus can kill all insect stages of various plant pests from all insect pest orders. The efficacy of beauveria bassiana is influenced by various types of enzymes from the secondary metabolites produced, namely: chitinase, protease, amylase, and lipase which function as degraders of the insect integument layer. Efficacy is also influenced by the production of toxins consisting of beauvericin, bassianin, bassiacridin, beauvericin, bassianolide, cyclosporine, oosporein, and tenellin which disrupt the nervous system and kill target insects. The results showed that the application of the Beauveria bassiana fungus was effective in reducing the population of the pest Planococcus spp. and reducing plant damage. The Beauveria bassiana mushroom is an alternative substitute for pesticides made from synthetic chemicals and is very prospective to be used as a biopesticide in controlling the pest Planococcus spp. which attacks agricultural plants and plantations.
Maize Crop Agronomy for Enhancing Productivity in the Dryland of West Nusa Tenggara Dewi, Pervitara Arum; Sudharmawan, A. A.; Sudantha, I Made
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 2b (2024): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i2b.8043

Abstract

Dryland agriculture continues to face numerous challenges that need resolution. Maize has emerged as an alternative food source, with additional uses as animal feed and biofuel. However, maize cultivation in the drylands of West Nusa Tenggara has yet to fully apply agronomic principles, resulting in suboptimal yields. This literature review evaluates key agronomic factors affecting maize productivity in West Nusa Tenggara’s drylands. The most suitable and marginally suitable land for maize among the three regencies was found in East Lombok, with soil pH (H2O) ranging from 5.8 to 7.4 (slightly acidic to neutral), total nitrogen (N) between 0.09–0.19% (low to moderate), available phosphorus (P) between 14.4–54.76 ppm (high to very high), and organic carbon (C) ranging from 0.4–0.8% (low). Soil texture includes sand (62.67–76.00%), silt (20.13–30.79%), and clay (2.59–11.71%), indicating a sandy loam to loamy sand composition. Seed varieties used in East Lombok include Bima 20 URI, Nasa-29, JH-37, Bima-14 Batara, JH 27, and HJ 21; West Sumbawa uses Bisi 18 and Jakarin; while North Lombok uses Gumarang, Lamuru, and NK 212. Traditional water conservation techniques are practiced in East Lombok and West Sumbawa, while sprinkler irrigation is employed in North Lombok. Fertilizers, including Trichocompost, Phonska, Urea, and rice husk biochar, are applied across East Lombok, North Lombok, and West Sumbawa. Integrated pest management (IPM) is applied in East Lombok and North Lombok to control fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) using refugia plants, and in West Sumbawa, microcontroller technology is used to manage monkey pests.
Formulation of Castor Leaf Extract as a Propestic Pesticide to Control Shallot Caterpillar Pest Spodoptera Exigua Hubn Adibah, Fatimah; Fauzi, M. Taufik; Sudharmawan, A. A.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8355

Abstract

One of the crops that can be cultivated in drylands is shallots. Spodoptera exigua Hubn is the main pest that attacks shallot plants. The purpose of writing this article is to review the results of previous research on jatropha leaves as a vegetable peticide with various extracts so that it can be known which extract is the most optimal as a control of onion caterpillar pests. The method used in this writing is to collect and process data sources from previous research published in scientific articles, books, and discussion results.  The results showed that active compounds such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenols in Jatropha leaves extract significantly increased pest mortality and decreased pest feeding activity. Higher  extract concentrations were directly proportional to greater negative effects on pests, highlighting the potential of falak nut leaves as an effective and environmentally friendly plant-based pesticide.
The Effectiveness of Implementing Agroforestry Systems in Improving Soil Quality Bidadari, Sabti Gina; Fauzi, M. Taufik; Sudharmawan, A. A.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4b (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.9374

Abstract

Intensive annual farming practices can damage soil structure, reduce soil organic matter content, and cause soil erosion. This condition results in decreased soil fertility, which in turn affects agricultural productivity. Collective efforts are needed to adopt environmentally friendly agricultural practices to improve soil quality. The purpose of this article is to determine the effectiveness of implementing agroforestry systems in improving soil quality. The method used in this writing is a literature study conducted by collecting data from various sources such as scientific journals, books, seminar proceedings, and so on. This literature review found that increasing tree diversity in complex agroforestry systems significantly increased soil organic carbon in the soil layer. Compared to bare land, agroforestry systems showed significant increases in soil organic carbon and accessible nutrients. Improving soil health and ecosystem function requires microbial diversity, biological activity, and the production and preservation of soil organic carbon, all of which are facilitated by agroforestry systems. Agroforestry systems, which combine food crops with tree crops, offer ecological services such as increasing fertility, reducing erosion, and improving the physical, chemical, and biological quality of the soil. The conclusion is that agroforestry systems are effective in improving soil quality.
Co-Authors Adibah, Fatimah Bidadari, Sabti Gina Dewi, Pervitara Arum I Made Sudantha M. Taufik Fauzi, M. Taufik Taupiq, Lukman