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All Journal Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology
Wijayanti, Ph.D, Ima
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology

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Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Green Algae Halimeda opuntia Calcium Powder Extracted Using Hydrochloric Acid Wijayanti, Ph.D, Ima; Nirwasita, Rania S.; Anggo, Apri D.
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 19, No 1 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.857

Abstract

Halimeda opuntia is one of the macroalgae species whose utilization is still slightly known. In the open sea, H. opuntia holds an important role in changing carbon dioxide (CO2) to calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This led to previous research analyzing the calcium content of H. opuntia, which showed 30.30%. However, the information about calcium powder extraction using HCl from H. opuntia has not been reported. This research aimed to observe the physical and chemical characteristics of calcium obtained from H. opuntia extracted using different hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentrations. The method used in this research was experimental laboratories with a completely randomized design (CRD) using different HCl concentrations (1N, 2N, and 3N). The extraction results were analyzed for yield value, moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, color, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), particle size, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Data were then analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The use of different HCl concentrations showed significant effect (p0.05) on ash content (91.95±0.47%), carbohydrate content (7.26±0.57%), lightness (L*) (86.21±0.83), yellowness or blueness (b*) (8.81±0.02), E (11.33±0.54), and whiteness index (WI) (83.62±0.70%), where the calcium extracted by 1N HCl (CH1) showed the best result. The SEM microstructural analysis showed a non-porous surface and a single cubical shape in CH1. Diffractogram pattern of calcium extracted from H. opuntia using different concentrations of HCl done by XRD exhibited the same pattern as CaCO3 for all samples. HCl solvent at 1 N can produce calcium powder from H. opuntia with high calcium content and better color characteristics. 
Optimization of Catfish (Pangasius sp) Bone Bio-calcium Production with Different Concentrations of Citric Acid and Stirring Time Using the Response Surface Method (RSM) Approach Wijayanti, Ph.D, Ima; Agustini, Tri Winarni; Swastawati, Fronthea; Anggo, Apri Dwi; Afifah, Diana Nur
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 19, No 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.867

Abstract

Calcium is an important macro-mineral that is really needed by the body.Calcium from fish bones can be an alternative source of calcium for thosewho are allergic to milk lactose which is usually used as calcium source. Theweakness of fish bone calcium is that it still has a fishy odor, which reducesthe hedonic value of products fortified with fish bone calcium. This researchaims to determine the optimization of concentration and stirring time in citricacid to produce bio-calcium from catfish (Pangasius sp) bones with the bestcalcium content and hedonic characteristics using Response SurfaceMethodology (RSM). The citric acid concentration tested was a minimum of0.25% and a maximum of 1% with stirring times of 30, 60 and 90 min. Dataprocessing was carried out with the help of Design Expert 11 software. Therecommended model is the quadratic model. The recommended optimizationresults for the bio-calcium production solution are a citric acid concentrationof 0.25% and a soaking time of 30 min. Verification was carried out accordingto the optimization solution and gave yield results of 88.9%, particle size of51.07 µm, calcium content 24.05; with a color hedonic value of 4.115, aroma4.059 and overall 4.090 out of a maximum value of 5. XRD pattern showed nodifference between fishbone powder and bio-calcium with degree crystallinity57 and 56.2%, respectively. FTIR spectra showed that both fishbone powder andbio-calcium powder contained hydroxyapatite, however citric acid slightly removedprotein due to absence of amide 1 peaks in bio-calcium powder. Citric acid at0.25% for 30 min helped to increase the yield and reduced some organiccompound to obtain bio-calcium powder. The proper concentration of citric acidand stirring time yielded catfish bone bio-calcium with higher calcium contentand hedonic value.  
Co-Authors Anggo, Apri D. apri dwi anggo Diana Nur Afifah, Diana Nur Fronthea Swastawati Nirwasita, Rania S. Tri Winarni Agustini