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All Journal JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization
Sim, Kok Swee
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Computer Science & IT

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Single Image Estimation Techniques for SEM Imaging System Lew, Kai Liang; Sim, Kok Swee; Tan, Shing Chiang
JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization Vol 9, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society of Visual Informatics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62527/joiv.9.1.3505

Abstract

Estimating a single image's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a critical challenge in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), impacting image quality and analysis reliability. SEM images are essential for revealing structural details at the micro- or nanoscale, but noise often obscures these details, complicating interpretation. Traditional SNR estimation methods required two images to compare and assess the noise levels. SEM images are usually corrupted by noise through several operating conditions, such as dwell time, probe current, and specimen composition. This paper introduces a novel single-image SNR estimation technique, Quarsig SNR Estimation (QSE), for estimating SNR value in SEM images. This method differs from the traditional methods because it only uses a single image to obtain the SNR value without a reference image. This approach involves a single image with Gaussian noise and using the autocorrelation function (ACF) to calculate the peak value for both the original and noisy images. The peak value is the SNR value for the noisy image. QSE has outperformed the existing methods, such as Nearest Neighborhood (NN), Linear Interpolation (LI), and the combination of NN and LI by archiving the nearest SNR value to the reference measurements. This shows that QSE has significant potential for single-image SNR estimation under Gaussian noise. However, its performance under non-Gaussian noise remains a limitation. Despite this, QSE has showcased its reliability in the SEM imaging field by improving the analysis of structural details in noisy imaging conditions.
Real-Time Digital Assistance for Exercise: Exercise Tracking System with MediaPipe Angle Directive Rules Sim, Kok Swee; wong, Shun Wei; Low, Alex; Yunus, Andi Prademon; Lim, Chee Peng
JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization Vol 8, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society of Visual Informatics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62527/joiv.8.4.2993

Abstract

This paper focuses on developing an exercise tracking system capable of recognizing simple exercises, such as push-ups, pull-ups, and sit-ups, with high accuracy, leveraging human pose estimation techniques to enhance prediction performance. Exercise tracking can help users to perform workouts correctly and improve overall physical and mental health. The system utilizes the HSiPu2 dataset for training and evaluation, employing MediaPipe as the human pose estimation input and a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model for exercise recognition. Initially, a baseline MLP with three layers was implemented, followed by an improved expand-shrink MLP architecture designed to enhance model performance. The results demonstrate that the expand-shrink MLP model has achieved a 16% higher accuracy than the baseline, showcasing its effectiveness in accurately recognizing simple exercises based on pose estimation data. This advancement highlights the potential of the model to support a broader range of exercise types, offering a robust solution for monitoring workouts. The system provides meaningful feedback to users by ensuring accurate exercise recognition and promoting safe and effective physical activity. Future research can explore integrating this system with real-time feedback mechanisms, enabling users to receive immediate corrections during workouts. Expanding the dataset to include diverse exercise routines, including complex and dynamic movements, could enhance the system’s applicability. These developments would pave the way for more comprehensive and practical exercise-tracking solutions, supporting individuals to maintain a healthy lifestyle and improving the accessibility of fitness technologies.
Co-Authors Andi Prademon Yunus Lew, Kai Liang Lim, Chee Peng Low, Alex Tan, Shing Chiang wong, Shun Wei