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All Journal Akademika : Jurnal Manajemen, Akuntansi, dan Bisnis
Dr. H. Moh. Nasikh, SE., M.Si
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Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education

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ANALISIS TINJAUAN ATAU GAMBARAN EKONOMI MAKRO TERHADAP EKONOMI REGIONAL DAN NASIONAL Dr. H. Moh. Nasikh, SE., M.Si
Akademika : Jurnal Manajemen, Akuntansi, dan Bisnis. Vol. 23 No. 1 (2025): Februari 2025
Publisher : Pusat Publikasi dan Penerbitan Karya Ilmiah STIE Indonesia Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51881/jak.v23i1.147

Abstract

The economic structure, when viewed from the perspective of expenditure, will always be closely linked to Household and Corporate Consumption (C), Government Expenditure (G), Investment (I), and Exports-Imports (X – M). Consumption is divided into Household and Corporate/Industrial Consumption (C), which also includes consumption expenditures by non-profit institutions, as well as Government Consumption (Government Expenditure = G). These types of consumption are the most determining factors or play the most significant role in the economic conditions of a region (regional) and a country (national), typically accounting for about 70 percent of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) or Gross National Product (GNP) annually. Productive Investment (I) made by a region or country within the context of GRDP or GNP serves as a foundation for future steady income and acts as a multiplier effect factor, significantly influencing the increase in regional or national income. Productive investments are expected to contribute around 15 percent of GRDP. Similarly, Exports (X) should far exceed Imports (M) because when X significantly surpasses M, it can generate substantial foreign exchange or a surplus in the Balance of Payments (BoP). Conversely, if a region or country imports more than it exports, it will experience trade deficits, financial losses, a Passive Trade Balance, or a Negative Net Import Balance. Such a situation will greatly impact the regional or national economy, including an increase in debt, stagnation in the domestic economy and industries, and the bankruptcy of many businesses and industries. If productive investments are relatively high (around 40 percent of GRDP), this will positively boost the domestic industry, including large, medium, and small-scale manufacturing industries. Imports, which typically play a role of around 27 percent, also contribute significantly. A large population in a region or country serves as a very potential market share.
PEMBERDAYAAN (EMPOWERMENT) DAN KETERLIBATAN (ENGAGEMENT) SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA (SDM) UNTUK MENCAPAI KEUNTUNGAN YANG MEMUASKAN (SATISFIED PROFIT) Dr. H. Moh. Nasikh, SE., M.Si
Akademika : Jurnal Manajemen, Akuntansi, dan Bisnis. Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Agustus 2025
Publisher : Pusat Publikasi dan Penerbitan Karya Ilmiah STIE Indonesia Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51881/jak.v23i2.163

Abstract

Untuk melihat hasil prestasi atau kinerja seorang karyawan dalam suatu organisasi bisnis, maka dapat dilihat dari hasil kinerja sumber daya manusia (human resource) dan sumber daya modal (capital resource) yang ada di dalamnya. Apabila karyawan telah memiliki semangat kerja atau motivasi kerja yang tinggi (innovative and creativity), maka kinerjanya akan mengalami peningkatan yang berarti (signifikan). Oleh karenanya dibutuhkan adanya upaya peningkatan kemampuan sumber daya manusia dan sumber daya modal. Pada dekade yang lalu, peningkatan kemampuan SDM dilakukan dengan cara pelatihan (training) dan pengembangan (development) atau pembinaan SDM. Tapi, cara tersebut akhir-akhir ini mulai ditinggalkan oleh para ahli karena lebih bersifat instruksional (top-down), sehingga dampaknya kurang bisa memberikan kesempatan kepada SDM untuk mengembangkan kreatifitas dan inovasi. Cara yang lebih update (untuk masa sekarang) adalah dengan menggunakan cara baru (new way) dengan istilah pemberdayaan (empowerment) SDM dan memberikan kesempatan yang seluas-luasnya bagi SDM untuk banyak ikut terlibat (engagement and involvement) dalam kegiatan-kegiatan organisasi atau usaha bisnis.
COSTS OF SUSTAINABLE PROMOTIONAL MEDIA (CSPM): LANGKAH YANG EFEKTIF UNTUK MENDONGKRAK OMZET PENJUALAN PRODUK Dr. H. Moh. Nasikh, SE., M.Si
Akademika : Jurnal Manajemen, Akuntansi, dan Bisnis. Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Agustus 2024
Publisher : Pusat Publikasi dan Penerbitan Karya Ilmiah STIE Indonesia Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51881/jak.v22i2.137

Abstract

Every huge or small govermental or non-govermental companies, especially which their orientations are ‘profit oriented’ usually try to sell their products marketable, and their marketing can be marketed well, so the ways to market their products must be needed maximal efforts to apply effectively promotional principals included using efficiently and effectively ‘promotional media’ to get or to reach great selling volume and maximum profits. According to Wasis opinion (1997: 153) that applying of well promotion is conditioned by four kinds of promotional procedures, then the promotion must be able to pull market target to do purchasing. Because of that, department of marketing in one company should know psychological and behavioural things of that market target. The four kinds of procedures are abreviated ‘AIDA’ those are: Attention (to make attention to pre-consumers and pre-customers), Interest (to appear and establish interest), Desire (to grow up needs or desires), and Action (act to do purchasing). Those procedures can not be separated with permanently of applying promotion ways, those are: (1). The marketing department accomplishes ‘door to door’ selling, that is called ‘personal selling’, (2). It also uses mass-media to do its promotion, that is called ‘mass selling’, and (3). It also does selling promotion or generally called ‘sales promotion’. In order to the product which sold rightly marketable, so before that the company must do effectively marketing mix, consists of product, price, promotion, and place. Considering by using that 4-P and choosing or fitting with effectively promotional media or tools, in this case by using and considering 12 kinds of promotional tools or media by buyer’s market orientation, so the product which sold is hoped well marketable. Finally, 12 kinds of promotional media or tools can be called ‘sustainable promotional media’ (Philip Kotler, 2002: 684). To apply effectively promotional media or tools, so in the case of choosing and deciding them must care of cost allocation and effectively costs of sustainable promotional media according with companies needs to the sale volume can be inceased proportionally.
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