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The impact of overtime duration variations on labor productivity in apartment construction projects: A study on engineering and disaster management in the construction sector Mirnayani; Paradiba, Hafisa
Calamity: A Journal of Disaster Technology and Engineering Vol. 2 No. 2: (January) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/calamity.v2i2.2025.1321

Abstract

Background: Construction projects, especially apartment buildings, often face challenges such as resource limitations, unpredictable weather, and schedule delays, which lead to increased costs and reduced productivity. Overtime is a commonly adopted strategy to address these issues; however, its effect on labor productivity is complex. Methods: This study investigates the impact of varying overtime durations (1, 2, and 3 hours) on labor productivity and Labour Utilization Rate (LUR) for three critical tasks: rebar installation, concrete casting, and formwork installation in the Sky House Alam Sutera project. The Productivity Rating method and LUR analysis were used to evaluate normal productivity and productivity during overtime, with data collected through direct observation, interviews, and project documentation analysis. Findings: The results reveal that while overtime increases daily output, it also reduces productivity per hour as work hours extend. Rebar installation exhibited the most significant decline in productivity, from 493.529 kg/hour  during regular hours to 345.470 kg/hour with 3 hours of overtime. Correspondingly, the LUR improved with overtime, with rebar installation increasing from 68% under normal conditions to 72% with 3 hours of overtime. Similarly, the cost of labor increased by 9%–23% due to overtime, depending on the task and duration. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the optimal overtime duration is 1 hour, balancing productivity gains, cost efficiency, and LUR improvements, while prolonged overtime may lead to diminishing returns due to worker fatigue. This study provides insights into managing overtime in construction projects, emphasizing the importance of controlling overtime durations to achieve project objectives efficiently. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study offers an original perspective by examining the impact of varying overtime durations on both labor productivity and Labor Utilization Rate (LUR) in the context of construction projects, using a detailed analysis of three critical tasks.
Systemic risk of tender failures in government projects: An FMEA-based analysis of price deviation impacts on infrastructure preparedness Mirnayani; Tyasa, Elvando Genta
Calamity: A Journal of Disaster Technology and Engineering Vol. 3 No. 1: (July) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/calamity.v3i1.2025.2105

Abstract

Background: Infrastructure preparedness during disasters depends greatly on the successful and timely execution of government construction projects, particularly multi-story buildings that function as critical public facilities. However, in practice, many of these projects experience tender failures due to significant price deviations from the Owner’s Estimate (HPS), either through underpricing or overpricing. These failures often result in delays or cancellations, disrupting the availability of essential infrastructure in emergency scenarios. Methods: This study applies the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method to systematically identify, assess, and prioritize the underlying causes of tender failure in a government-funded multi-story building project. Data collection involved document analysis, expert validation, and structured questionnaires focusing on three key parameters: severity, occurrence, and detection of each failure mode. Findings: The results reveal two major categories of failure factors: issues related to documentation and problems in cost estimation. Documentation issues include unclear specifications and lack of expert personnel due to limited preparation time, while cost estimation problems involve insufficient market analysis, unrealistic pricing, and scheduling errors. The highest Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs) were found in the indicators “failure in offering strategy” (RPN = 22.944), “failure in prequalification” (RPN = 22.874), and “lack of expert personnel due to limited time availability” (RPN = 22.032), all of which are considered critical and indicative of systemic vulnerability in the tendering process. These critical failures highlight the potential risk they pose to infrastructure readiness, especially in disaster-prone contexts. Conclusion: Tender failures caused by price deviation pose a systemic risk to infrastructure preparedness. Reforming public procurement systems with improved risk identification and mitigation strategies—especially in document and cost estimation processes—is essential for supporting disaster-resilient infrastructure development. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study is one of the first to link FMEA-based tender risk assessment with disaster preparedness outcomes, offering a novel contribution to both construction management and resilience planning.