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All Journal G-Tech : Jurnal Teknologi Terapan
Elvianto Dwi Daryono
Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang, Indonesia
Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Energy Engineering

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Biobriquettes from Rice Husks Using Molasses and Egg White Adhesives with Variations in Adhesive Concentration Hadryza Anduanda Zahra; Elvianto Dwi Daryono
G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Vol 9 No 3 (2025): G-Tech, Vol. 9 No. 3 July 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat, Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70609/g-tech.v9i3.7319

Abstract

The use of rice husks as a raw material for briquettes helps reduce agricultural waste while providing added economic value to the product. Molasses is a by-product of the sugar-making process, which is abundant and often not utilized optimally. Molasses has the advantage of being a biobriquette adhesive because it is relatively cheap, easily biodegradable, and environmentally friendly. Albumin in egg white has the ability to form a gel when heated or dried, so it can potentially help bind biomass particles such as rice husks compared to other adhesives. The research operating conditions include raw materials, namely rice husk, carbonization temperature of 300℃, carbonization time of 1 hour, briquette size ≥ 150 mesh, type of adhesive (molasses and egg white) and adhesive concentration (12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18% and 19%). The optimum conditions were obtained by using 15% egg white adhesive, namely with a water content of 8%, ash content of 7%, volatile matter content of 1.5%, and bound carbon content of 83.5% which met SNI 01-6235-2000 and a calorific value of 4194.03 cal/g, and a combustion rate of 0.140 g/minute.
Identification of FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Products from the Interesterification Reaction of Palm Oil with Methyl Ester Co-solvent Elvianto Dwi Daryono; Dwi Ana Anggorowati
G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Vol 9 No 4 (2025): G-Tech, Vol. 9 No. 4 October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat, Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70609/g-tech.v9i4.8243

Abstract

Methyl ester co-solvent will accelerate the reaction without the need for a separation stage at the end of the reaction. The study aims to determine the effect of FAME co-solvent concentration and time of reaction on the methyl ester produced in the interesterification reaction of palm oil into biodiesel with methyl ester co-solvent. The weight of the oil used was 250 g, the mole ratio of oil: methyl acetate = 1:6, the temperature was 60oC, the concentration of the co-solvent (0 - 20%), the reaction time (30-90 min), the catalyst KOH 1% and the stirring speed was 800 rpm. The oil, methyl acetate and catalyst were placed in a three-necked flask and the reaction was carried out according to the operating conditions. The optimum conditions were obtained in the palm oil interesterification process with a FAME co-solvent concentration of 20% and a time of reaction of 30 min with  a methyl ester concentration of 61,413 mg/L and an acid value of 0.28 mg KOH/g which met SNI 7182-2015. The research revealed a biodiesel production process with fewer steps, faster reaction times, higher yields, and product physical properties that meet standards. It is hoped that this process can be implemented at a pilot plant scale, bringing the selling price of biodiesel closer to that of diesel fuel.
Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil via Interesterification Reaction: Effects of Cajuput Oil Biocatalyst Concentration and Reaction Time Briliant Saphira Wardhani; Malikha Syamsi; Elvianto Dwi Daryono; Jimmy Jimmy
G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Vol 10 No 1 (2026): G-Tech, Vol. 10 No. 1 January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat, Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70609/g-tech.v10i1.9011

Abstract

Interesterification processes using homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts generally require additional separation steps, reducing efficiency and increasing operational costs. Cajuput oil, whose main active compound is 1,8-cineole, contains aromatic functional groups that show potential as a biocatalyst and can be applied without a separation step at the end of the reaction, thereby improving process efficiency. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions for the interesterification of waste cooking oil based on cajuput oil biocatalyst concentration and reaction time. Waste cooking oil, methyl acetate, and cajuput oil biocatalyst at concentrations of 0.5–1.5% were reacted in a two-neck round-bottom flask reactor at 60°C, a stirring speed of 300 rpm, an oil-to-methyl acetate molar ratio of 1:6, and reaction times ranging from 20 to 100 min. After the reaction, unreacted methyl acetate was removed by distillation, and the residue was characterized as the final product. The optimum conditions were achieved at a biocatalyst concentration of 1% and a reaction time of 60 min, producing a crude yield of 78.80%, an acid value of 0.45 mg KOH/g, a density of 0.88 g/mL, and a viscosity of 2.94 cSt, which comply with SNI 7182:2015, along with a FAME concentration of 19,406.50 mg/L. The novelty of this research lies in the biodiesel production process that eliminates the separation of the by-product triacetin and the cajuput oil biocatalyst, as both function as bio-additives in the biodiesel. Consequently, the process becomes simpler and more efficient, without requiring lengthy or complex processing steps.
Co-Authors Briliant Saphira Wardhani Dwi Ana Anggorowati Hadryza Anduanda Zahra Jimmy Jimmy Malikha Syamsi