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All Journal Journal of Batteries for Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles
Muhammad Fakhrudin
National Research and Innovation Agency
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Journal : Journal of Batteries for Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles

 1 
The Effect of Lithium Excess on NMC-721 using Oxalate Co-precipitation Revina Dea Nanda; Sigit Aryo Kristianto; Evvy Kartini; Muhammad Fakhrudin
Journal of Batteries for Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles Vol. 1 No. 01 (2023): MAY 2023
Publisher : NBRI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59046/jbrev.v1i01.7

Abstract

Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (Li-NMC) has been regarded as preferred cathode material for Lithium-ion battery (LIB), compared to other materials such as Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) and Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO). Ni-rich content displays severe cycling performance and needs to be addressed to improve its performance of electric vehicle. This research focused on synthesis NMC-721 precursors with the oxalate co-precipitation. Furthermore, a variation of lithium hydroxide with the excess of 3% and 5% were added into the precursors, then calcined at temperature 800 ℃ for 12 hours. The product of precursor was analyzed by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Particle Size Analysis (PSA) to analyze elemental composition and particle size, respectively. Meanwhile, the NMC-721 cathodes were characterized by an X-Ray Diffraction. The XRF data of precursor shows the ratio of transition metals at 7.5:1.5:1 identifying that more Ni content and less Mn content in the NMC-721, due to oxalate co-precipitation. The PSA shows that the average diameter of the precursor was 9.19 ± 0.31 (µm). The XRD result shows that the crystal structure of NMC-721 cathode belongs to hexagonal structure. It can be concluded that the NMC-721 were successfully synthesized and can be applied for lithium-ion battery.
Analysis Study on Scaling Up Production of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIB) Cathode Material at National Battery Research Institute R. Adji Fatahillah Ramdhan; Hieronimus Matthew Ekaristianto; Yohanes Darryl Goenawan; Moh. Wahyu Syafi'ul Mubarok; Muhammad Fakhrudin; Evvy Kartini; Alan J. Drew
Journal of Batteries for Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles Vol. 1 No. 01 (2023): MAY 2023
Publisher : NBRI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59046/jbrev.v1i01.11

Abstract

Innovation for energy storage becomes essential for advancing the electrification goal. Over the past ten years, the trend toward electric vehicles and renewable energy has placed an unexpectedly high demand on battery technology. The development of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) has been touted as a revolution in energy storage technology. Due to its promising performance, LIB has not only performed well for electronic applications but is also well-known for its scalability for mass production. Although it is projected that LIB will continue to dominate the market for the succeeding ten years, the rise of battery giga-factories is still sluggish. The biggest barrier to increasing end-to-end battery production on an industrial scale is the complexity of the manufacturing process and the number of machines used. Because the viability of the firm may be impacted by inaccurate calculations regarding the battery production chain. Investigating how to increase battery cathode production from a laboratory to an industrial scale is therefore important. National Battery Research Institute, one of Indonesia's top battery research centers, contributed as the study's subject. The calculation was focused on NMC 811 cathode active material by considering cost structure factor such as raw materials, machinery, power consumption, and manpower. The result has successfully estimated the total cost for scaling-up 100 Kg production of NMC 811 cathode per batch or 36 Tons in a year. As a note, the data that was discussed in this manuscript limited on machinery, power consumption, and manpower aspect. While raw material cost will be discussed in detail, separately in another article.
Co-Authors Alan J. Drew Evvy Kartini Hieronimus Matthew Ekaristianto Moh. Wahyu Syafi'ul Mubarok R. Adji Fatahillah Ramdhan Revina Dea Nanda Sigit Aryo Kristianto Yohanes Darryl Goenawan