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Debora, D.
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Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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Dispute Resolution of Certified Land Rights in Sale and Purchase Transactions: Case Study of Lawsuit for Unlawful Acts Tarigan, Alberto Paskah; Debora, D.
Golden Ratio of Data in Summary Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): November - January
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grdis.v5i1.853

Abstract

The resolution of disputes over certified land rights in purchase and sale transactions is a crucial issue in agrarian law in Indonesia. Legal uncertainty often arises due to double claims, incomplete documents, or disputes between parties claiming to have the same land rights. The existence of a land right certificate is the result of the land registration process. As stated in Article 19 paragraph (2) of the UUPA, land registration includes several series of activities that end with the provision of valid proof of rights as a valid means of proof. This study aims to analyze the dispute resolution mechanism and the role of legal institutions and land administration in ensuring legal certainty. Thus, it can be said that a right to the land has a certificate as proof of its rights. On the other hand, if a land right does not have a certificate, it means that the land is registered as required by the applicable laws and regulations, the method used is a qualitative approach with case studies in several areas that experience land rights disputes. The results of the study show that mediation and arbitration can be an effective alternative settlement before taking the litigation route. In addition, the importance of transparency in the land certification process and legal education for the community is the main highlight to reduce conflicts. These findings are expected to provide recommendations for policymakers and the public in maintaining the stability of land rights in Indonesia.
Dispute Resolution of Certified Land Rights in Sale and Purchase Transactions: Case Study of Lawsuit for Unlawful Acts Tarigan, Alberto Paskah; Debora, D.
Golden Ratio of Data in Summary Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): November - January
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grdis.v5i1.853

Abstract

The resolution of disputes over certified land rights in purchase and sale transactions is a crucial issue in agrarian law in Indonesia. Legal uncertainty often arises due to double claims, incomplete documents, or disputes between parties claiming to have the same land rights. The existence of a land right certificate is the result of the land registration process. As stated in Article 19 paragraph (2) of the UUPA, land registration includes several series of activities that end with the provision of valid proof of rights as a valid means of proof. This study aims to analyze the dispute resolution mechanism and the role of legal institutions and land administration in ensuring legal certainty. Thus, it can be said that a right to the land has a certificate as proof of its rights. On the other hand, if a land right does not have a certificate, it means that the land is registered as required by the applicable laws and regulations, the method used is a qualitative approach with case studies in several areas that experience land rights disputes. The results of the study show that mediation and arbitration can be an effective alternative settlement before taking the litigation route. In addition, the importance of transparency in the land certification process and legal education for the community is the main highlight to reduce conflicts. These findings are expected to provide recommendations for policymakers and the public in maintaining the stability of land rights in Indonesia.
Legal Analysis of the Determination of Suspects by Investigators: Case Study at Polsek Medan Timur, Indonesia Sianipar, Christin Joys Vanka; Debora, D.
Golden Ratio of Data in Summary Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): November - January
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grdis.v6i1.1829

Abstract

The determination of suspects is a crucial stage that has an impact on human rights and the legitimacy of law enforcement. This study analyzes the procedure for determining suspects based on evidence, identifies challenges, and formulates solutions at the Medan Timur Police Station. The method used is qualitative empirical law. Primary data were obtained from interviews with experienced investigators, while secondary data were obtained from regulations, court decisions, and relevant literature. Normatively, the mechanism for determining suspects refers to the Criminal Procedure Code, Constitutional Court decisions, and Chief of Police regulations, which require the fulfillment of two pieces of evidence and a case title. However, empirically, three main challenges were identified: the limited technical capacity of investigators in handling technological evidence, inadequate infrastructure, and public and media pressure in high-profile cases. The findings indicate that witness testimony remains dominant, while digital evidence is not yet fully optimized. It is concluded that the case title acts as an internal filter, but does not fully counteract external pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the capacity of investigators, optimize investigation facilities, and increase public legal awareness to ensure the professional, accountable, and fair determination of suspects.
Increased Punishment for Repeat Offenders of Motor Vehicle Theft: Case Study at Polsek Medan Timur, Indonesia Sinaga, Elsa Wendelyna; Debora, D.
Golden Ratio of Data in Summary Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): November - January
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grdis.v6i1.1836

Abstract

This study examines the effectiveness of a policy that increases the prison term for repeat offenders of motor vehicle theft by one-third, with a research focus at the Medan Timur Police Station. The study employs a normative-empirical legal approach, examining the provisions on aggravated punishment in the Criminal Code and Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the National Criminal Code, in conjunction with empirical data from interviews and case documents from the 2023–2025 period. The results of the study show that, normatively, the policy of adding one-third to the prison term has a clear legal basis. However, in law enforcement practice, this policy has not been implemented optimally and consistently, especially at the investigation stage. Empirical data indicate that the rate of recidivism for motor vehicle theft at the Medan Timur Police Station remains fluctuating and tends to increase in 2025, despite the implementation of provisions for aggravated punishment. This condition indicates a gap between legal norms and their implementation, so that the policy of increasing penalties is more reactive than preventive. This study confirms that the effectiveness of punishment for repeat offenders is not only determined by the severity of criminal sanctions, but also requires integration with non-penal strategies, including systematic data collection on repeat offenders, consistency in law enforcement, and strengthening of rehabilitation and social reintegration programs.
Investigation of Minor and Ordinary Assault Offenses: Case Study at Polsek Medan Timur, Indonesia Marpaung, Nelly Tiurma Br.; Debora, D.
Golden Ratio of Data in Summary Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): November - January
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grdis.v6i1.1854

Abstract

Criminal assault remains one of the most common offenses encountered in society, often triggered by minor disputes that escalate into physical harm. This study aims to investigate the process of handling minor and ordinary assault offenses at the East Medan Police Sector and to analyze the legal distinctions between Article 351, paragraph (1), and Article 352 of the Indonesian Criminal Code. This research employs a normative-empirical method, combining statutory analysis with field data obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that differences in determining the severity of injuries often lead to inconsistencies between investigators and prosecutors, primarily due to the absence of clear legal criteria for injury classification. The study also shows that minor assault cases constitute the majority of reports handled, with restorative justice frequently used as a settlement mechanism. Investigators rely heavily on medical reports and victim statements to determine the appropriate article to apply. This research highlights the need for more explicit legal norms regarding injury categories and stronger coordination among law enforcement institutions to ensure consistent and fair handling of assault offenses.
Co-Authors Marpaung, Nelly Tiurma Br. Sianipar, Christin Joys Vanka Sinaga, Elsa Wendelyna Tarigan, Alberto Paskah