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Signal Propagation and Path- Loss in 6G Mobile Telecommunication System Soran, Zhala; Askar, Shavan; Khosnawi, Dilshad; Saeed, Hasan
The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science (IJCS)
Publisher : AI Society & STMIK Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33022/ijcs.v13i2.3850

Abstract

As previous we know about many types of generation like (2G,3G and 4G network), and also it has been developed to the fifth – generation mobile communication system. Compare with 5G, 6G will be faster and lower latency, in 6G era, the theoretical network speed will reach to 1Tbps. That is 100 times the speed of the 5G, which is 10,000 times the speed of the current 4G. 5G is officially commercialized in 2019, but 5G has no yet covered a large area and have problems with high tariffs and incomplete network coverage ,6G network makes up for these problems. The 6G is through the integration of ground base stations and satellite communications, thus covering the whole world, it is also the real coverage. But also, there’s some issues with 6G networks, like here in this article I will explain the propagation signal for 6G and I will talk about path loss signals because it uses sub-millimeter waves or tera-hertz waves to make faster connection but it will cause so much issues in propagation filed. And explained how to address path-loss challenge.
Fog Computing in Next Generation Networks: A Review Khosnawi, Dilshad; Askar, Shavan; Soran, Zhala; Saeed, Hasan
The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science (IJCS)
Publisher : AI Society & STMIK Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33022/ijcs.v13i2.3851

Abstract

Cloud, Edge, and Fog computing has recently attracted significant attention in both industry and academia. However, finding their definition in computing paradigms and the correlation between them is difficult. In order to support modern computing systems, the cloud, edge devices, and fog computing offer high-quality services, lower latency, multi-tenancy, mobility support, and many other features. Fog/edge computing is an emerging computing paradigm that uses decentralized resources at the edge of a network to process data closer to user devices, like smartphones and tablets, as an alternative to using remote and centralized cloud data center resources. Fog networking or fogging is one of the best used models recently. By addressing this issue, this work serves as a valuable resource for those who will come after. Initially, we present an overview modern computing models and associated areas of interest research. After that, we discuss each paradigm. After that, we go into great detail about fog computing, highlighting its exceptional function as the link between edge, cloud, and IoT computing. Finally, we briefly outline open research questions and future directions in Edge, Fog, Cloud, and IoT computing.
Comparative Evaluation of VXLAN with Traditional Overlay Network Protocols Saeed, Hasan; Askar, Shavan; Soran, Zhala; Khosnawi, Dilshad
The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science (IJCS)
Publisher : AI Society & STMIK Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33022/ijcs.v13i2.3852

Abstract

This article examines various network virtualization technologies, including Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN), as well as overlay network protocols such as VXLAN-EVPN (Ethernet VPN) and VXLAN-LISP (Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol). These protocols play a crucial role in improving the scalability and flexibility of big cloud computing infrastructures. While each of these technologies can be employed to expand a Layer 2 connection across an already established network, they possess unique qualities and applications. The objective is to offer a comprehensive comprehension of these technologies and their suitability in diverse network contexts.VXLAN-EVPN has higher performance in terms of encapsulation speed and reduced packet overhead, rendering it highly suitable for high-speed and large-scale deployments. Conversely, VXLAN-LISP demonstrates superior network latency and interoperability, offering benefits in multi-tenant and geographically distributed networks. VXLAN can be combined with other widely used overlay network protocols, including Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation (GENEVE), Stateless Transport Tunneling (STT), and Network Virtualization using Generic Routing Encapsulation (NVGRE). The objective is to offer a comprehensive comprehension of these technologies and their suitability in diverse network contexts.