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Formulasi dan Evaluasi Tablet dengan Bahan Tambahan Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays L.) sebagai pengganti HPMC yang digunakan untuk Anti Diabetes Surbakti, Christica Ilsanna; Suryani , Monica; Nerdy, Nerdy
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i1.779

Abstract

Corn (Zea mays L) is a food crop that is known and cultivated in developing countries. So far, corn cobs have not been widely used as a value-added product. Corn cobs have 35.5% crude fiber, 2.5% protein, 0.12% calcium, 0.04% phosphorus and the remaining 38.16% of other substances. Corn cobs, which are biomass, contain phenolic phytochemicals which are very likely to be used as active antioxidant ingredients. The choice of method for making tablets is adjusted to the characteristics of the active substance used. In this research, the method used in making metformin HCl tablets was wet granulation. Wet granulation is the process of adding liquid to a powder or powder mixture in a container equipped with stirring which will produce agglomeration or granules. The evaluation results of corn cob additive granules as a substitute for HPMC showed the results of the flow time test (F1 1.5 seconds, F2 1.4 seconds F3 1.63 seconds), F1 angle of repose test (34.96 o, F2 41, 43 o, F3 41.92 o), humidity test (F1 1.794 %, F2 1.999 %, F3 2.331 %) and compressibility test (F1 11 %, F2 15%, F3 8%).  The results of the evaluation of antalgin tablets using corn cobs as a substitute for HPMC showed visual test results where the tablets were round and white in color, the weight uniformity test showed results (F1 A (5%) 708.7-783.3 and column B (10% ) 671.4-820.6, F2 A (5%) 562.775– 705.75 and column B (10%) 571.05-698.6, F3 688.75– 761.25 and column B (10%) 625.5-797.5), size uniformity test shows results (F1 diameter 1.3545 and thickness 0.4705, F2 diameter 1.359 and thickness 0.468, F3 diameter 1.36 and thickness 0.471), fragility test shows results (F1 0 .06978367 %, F2 0.53272451 %, F3 0.06978367 %) and tablet hardness showed results (F1 6.764, F2 4.984, F3 7.89) and disintegration time test showed results (F1 2 minutes, F2 2 minutes, F3 2 minute).
Artikel Review: Uji Keamanan dan Toksisitas Obat Herbal dalam Pengembangan Jamu, OHT, dan Fitofarmaka Suryani , Monica; Safitri , Alfi; Marbun , Eva Diansari; Suryani , Ade Irma; Zura , Cut Alvida
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1393

Abstract

Background: Safety and toxicity testing are essential stages in the development of herbal medicines to ensure therapeutic efficacy without causing adverse effects. In Indonesia, herbal products are classified into traditional herbal medicines (jamu), Standardized Herbal Medicines, and phytopharmaceuticals, each requiring different levels of scientific evidence for safety and efficacy. Objective: This study aims to review the results of safety and toxicity testing of herbal medicines in the development of jamu, Standardized Herbal Medicines, and phytopharmaceuticals in Indonesia over the last five years (2020–2025). Methods: This study employed a descriptive, qualitative literature review. Scientific articles were systematically retrieved from the Garuda, Neliti, Sinta, and Google Scholar databases using relevant keywords related to herbal medicine safety and toxicity testing. A total of twelve peer-reviewed research articles published between 2020 and 2025 met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies involved in vivo, in vitro, and in silico testing methods, with toxicity parameters including LD₅₀, LC₅₀, biochemical markers, and histopathological changes. Results: The findings indicate that in vivo testing is the most frequently applied method and generally demonstrates a high safety profile for most herbal preparations. Jamu products are considered safe based on empirical use and standardized raw materials. Standardized Herbal Medicines demonstrate safety through acute and subchronic toxicity evaluations. At the same time, phytopharmaceuticals exhibit the highest level of safety through comprehensive testing using combined in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches. Most herbal ingredients fall into the non-toxic to mildly toxic category at high doses. Conclusion: Overall, the reviewed evidence suggests that Indonesian herbal medicines, including jamu, Standardized Herbal Medicines, and phytopharmaceuticals, are generally safe when used appropriately. Strengthening multidisciplinary toxicological approaches and implementing pharmacovigilance principles are essential to ensure long-term safety and support the development of evidence-based national herbal medicines.