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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development (JPH RECODE)
Noaman, Aqeel Abbas
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Health Professions Public Health

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CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY DRINKS AND THEIR SHORT-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS ON CHILDREN IN IRAQ: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY Noaman, Aqeel Abbas
Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): March
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Alam (FIKKIA), Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jphrecode.v8i2.59261

Abstract

Background: Energy drinks are non-alcoholic beverages that contain more sugar and caffeine, along with many energy-enhancing ingredients. This type of drinks is very popular among Iraqi adolescents although it may cause negative effect on health.  Purpose: To determine the prevalence of energy drink consumption and its effects on some health aspects among children between the ages of 6 and 15 years. Methods:  A cross-sectional study was carried out on a random sample of 548 primary and middle school children aged 6–15 years from four main schools in the village of Zuhairat/Diyala Governorate for the period from December 10, 2020, to January 22, 2021. We statistically analyzed the data using SPSS, version 21.0. A binary logistic regression analysis was used for short-term health effects in relation to energy drink consumption; a p-value of 0.05 was used as the lowest limit for statistical significance. Results: The study shows that the prevalence of energy drink consumption among children aged 6–15 years was estimated at 20.4%. Significantly, 76.8% of children had energy drinks once a week. Younger children significantly had 62.4% lower odds of daily consuming energy drinks than older children (OR = 0.376, CI: 0.237-0.598, p = 0.000). The majority of children who consumed energy drinks daily significantly had a poorer appetite than those who did not (72.3% vs. 55.3%, p = 0.001), (OR = 0.473; CI: 0.300-0.745). Conclusion: Most children who reported consuming energy drinks daily had a significantly poorer appetite and fewer sleep hours than those who did not.
Meat product consumption among children aged 1–3 years in Baquba City, Iraq Noaman, Aqeel Abbas; Mohammad, Sarmad Qassim
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 14, No 3: September 2025
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26108

Abstract

The caregiver should prioritize meats in the infant's diet during the last 6 months due to their sources of nutrients and proteins. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of meat product consumption among children aged 1–3 and their preferences based on age and sex. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study on 810 children aged 1–3 years using a questionnaire. We used the chi-square test, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The study found that 60.3%, 86.2%, 85.4%, and 59.3% consumed red meat weekly (p ≤ 0.001), fish monthly (p ≤ 0.001), chicken weekly (p ≤ 0.001), and eggs daily (p ≤ 0.001), respectively. The second-year children prefer to consume red meat (44.8%), fish (46.3%), chicken (45.2%), and eggs (44.2%) more frequently than in other years. Males preferred red meat, fish, chicken, and eggs more than females (54.1% vs. 45.9%; 52.7% vs. 47.3%; 54.5% vs. 45.5%, and 54.4% vs. 45.6%), respectively. In conclusion, the consumption of chicken and eggs is more prevalent. In the second year of life, children, particularly boys, consume more meat products due to their own or their parents' preferences. We suggest expanding the scope of this study to include dairy products.
Co-Authors Mohammad, Sarmad Qassim