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All Journal IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI)
Hia, Supriadi
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Computer Science & IT Engineering

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Per capita expenditure prediction using model stacking based on satellite imagery Kuswanto, Heri; Rouhan, Asva Abadila; Qori’atunnadyah, Marita; Hia, Supriadi; Fithriasari, Kartika; Widhianingsih, Tintrim Dwi Ary
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 14, No 2: April 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v14.i2.pp1220-1231

Abstract

One of the indicators for measuring poverty is per capita expenditure. However, collecting timely and reliable per capita expenditure data is quite challenging and expensive, as it requires collecting detailed household data directly. One way to deal with this issue is to use satellite image data processed by machine learning methods. This research proposes a method to predict the per capita expenditure of regencies or cities in Indonesia based on satellite imagery using machine learning techniques, such as k-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and support vector machine (SVM). The predictions are stacked to predict per capita expenditure using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression as the meta-learner. The model is trained on Google-Earth-based satellite imagery of Java Island, Indonesia, which provides more update field conditions compared to data collected from Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The research found that the stacked model outperforms the individual methods. However, the R2 criterion of the stacked method is comparable to that of RF, which is slightly higher than the others.
Co-Authors Fithriasari, Kartika Heri Kuswanto Qori’atunnadyah, Marita Rouhan, Asva Abadila Widhianingsih, Tintrim Dwi Ary