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All Journal Journal of Clean Technology Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring
Zain, Faatin Nisriinaa
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Engineering Environmental Science

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Potential of nanotechnology-based nanomaterials and biochar for tofu wastewater filtration: A review on clean water sustainability Imanuel, Dionezra Bagus; Zain, Faatin Nisriinaa; Celesta, Belvannia Levina; Muna, Mochammad Choiril
Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring Vol. 2 No. 1: (February) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/whem.v2i1.2025.1653

Abstract

Background: Water pollution, driven by industrial activities and population growth, increasingly contaminates water sources, threatening clean water supply. Tofu wastewater, rich in organic pollutants, exacerbates this issue, highlighting the need for sustainable, effective water treatment solutions. Methods: This study uses a literature review method, analyzing journals, articles, and scientific publications to explore nanomaterials and biochar for efficient tofu wastewater treatment and improving water quality in Semarang City. Findings: The filtration system using biochar, CNT, TiO₂, and ZVI significantly reduces contaminants in water, enhancing water quality. Each material contributes uniquely, improving adsorption, photocatalysis, and overall filtration efficiency for heavy metals and organic compounds. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), zero-valent iron (ZVI), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) exhibit high efficiency in environmental remediation, offering cost-effective, sustainable solutions despite challenges like toxicity and mobility. The study demonstrates the potential of nanomaterials like CNTs, ZVI, and TiO2 for enhanced environmental remediation, particularly in wastewater treatment. Their synergistic use improves contaminant removal, offering sustainable solutions with significant efficiency gains. Conclusion: In conclusion, integrating nanotechnology and biochar for tofu wastewater treatment presents a sustainable, scalable solution that advances both environmental remediation and technological innovation, aligning with SDGs and enhancing water quality management efforts. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty lies in combining nanomaterials and biochar for efficient tofu wastewater treatment, enhancing filtration and sustainability in water quality management.
Energy Efficiency in Palm-Based Food Production Processes in margarine industry through the Utilization of Palm Fiber as Solid Biomass in Boiler Systems: A Comprehensive Review Zain, Faatin Nisriinaa; Pratiwi, Kharisma Ardhani Nur; Muna, Mochammad Choiril; Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy Bahlawan
Journal of Clean Technology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/joct.v2i2.28943

Abstract

The increasing demand for margarine, especially in palm oil producing countries like Indonesia, raises concerns about energy consumption and environmental sustainability. This review discusses the potential of palm fiber, a lignocellulosic byproduct of crude palm oil extraction, as a solid biomass fuel to improve energy efficiency in margarine processing industries. A systematic literature review was conducted by analyzing more than sixty peer reviewed journal articles, technical reports, and case studies to evaluate the feasibility and impact of palm fiber utilization. Based on various studies, palm fiber contains 47.9 percent cellulose, has a calorific value of 17.2 megajoules per kilogram, and shows low ash and moisture content, making it suitable for combustion in industrial boilers. Emission data indicate reductions in carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides compared to fossil fuels, with potential greenhouse gas savings of 0.098 tons of carbon dioxide per gigajoule and sulfur oxide reductions of up to ninety percent. Economically, palm fiber offers cost savings of up to forty percent, with a levelized cost of energy around six United States dollars per gigajoule and a payback period of less than five years. The application of drying and co firing technologies, supported by policy incentives such as Indonesia’s capital expenditure assistance, could enhance adoption. Research gaps remain in terms of long term boiler corrosion and industrial scale briquetting. Overall, palm fiber supports circular economy practices and aligns with SDG 7, 12, and 13, contributing to cleaner energy transitions in palm oil based food production systems.
Valorization of Chicken Feather Waste in west Java into Bokashi Fertilizer Using Anaerobic Fermentation to Support Circular Agriculture: A Review Agung Saputra, Satria; Zain, Faatin Nisriinaa; Pratiwi, Kharisma Ardhani Nur
Journal of Clean Technology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/joct.v2i2.28957

Abstract

The rapid growth of the poultry industry in Indonesia, particularly in West Java, has resulted in significant chicken feather waste, which remains largely unutilized and poses environmental risks due to its high keratin content. This review explores the potential of converting chicken feather waste into bokashi fertilizer through anaerobic fermentation as a sustainable strategy in line with circular agriculture principles. The fermentation process involves pretreatment using keratinase producing microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by the application of Effective Microorganisms (EM4) activated with molasses. Under optimal conditions, including a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25 to 30 to 1, temperature between 30 to 40 degrees Celsius, and humidity around 50 percent, the process can produce high quality organic fertilizer that meets national standards. The resulting bokashi exhibits favorable physical and chemical characteristics, such as high nitrogen content and a balanced nutrient profile. More broadly, this approach offers a low cost, scalable, and environmentally friendly solution for managing livestock waste while enhancing soil fertility and supporting regenerative farming. With further optimization and wider implementation at the community level, chicken feather based bokashi has strong potential to contribute to sustainable agriculture and effective waste management in poultry producing regions.
Co-Authors Agung Saputra, Satria Bahlawan, Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy Celesta, Belvannia Levina Imanuel, Dionezra Bagus Muna, Mochammad Choiril Pratiwi, Kharisma Ardhani Nur