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All Journal ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences
Lafta, Ali Abdulridha
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Earth & Planetary Sciences

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Temporal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in Iraq Marine Water, Northwest of Arabian Gulf. Lafta, Ali Abdulridha; Abdullah, Sadiq Salim
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 1 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.1.145-151

Abstract

Understanding sea surface temperature (SST) Changes in coastal areas is crucial for many aspects of the coastal environment and maritime operations in these water systems. Although SST fluctuations have been frequently documented in various Arabian Gulf areas, such variations in Iraq's marine waters, situated northwest of the Arabian Gulf, are poorly understood. To determine the temporal variations of SST, we examined SST measurements taken off the coast of Iraq between 2017 and 2019. The results revealed that SST exhibited pronounced annual, semiannual, and seasonal fluctuations. The highest and lowest recorded SST values were 36.77 and 14.68  ͦ C, respectively. The seasonal averages of SST reach their maximum value during the summer season at 32.38 C and then are reduced to their lowest range during winter at 17.23 C. Furthermore, the results revealed that the highest SST was recorded in August of all three study years, namely 2017, 2018, and 2019. Meanwhile, the lowest recorded SST was observed in December of 2017 and February of both 2018 and 2019. The results also revealed a negative correlation between SST and Shamal winds. A perceived decrease in SST occurs with Shamal wind events, where the average reduction of SST reaches 2-3 C. At the same time, our results show that SST increases when the southeast wind is predominant. The results obtained in this study could be beneficial for several aspects of the environmental and maritime at this significant part of the Arabian Gulf.
Temporal Variability of Atmospheric Elements in Iraq Marine Water, Northwest of Arabian Gulf Lafta, Ali Abdulridha; Al-Fartusi, Adel J.; Abdullah, Sadiq S.
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.321-328

Abstract

An understanding of climate variability in coastal regions is essential for several aspects of maritime activities in such systems. Even though fluctuations in atmospheric parameters have been widely recorded in a number of Arabian Gulf locations, such variations in the Iraq marine waters are not well understood. This study looked at the atmospheric parameters (atmospheric pressure AP, wind field, air temperature AT) measured between 2017 and 2022 off the coast of Iraq's marine water to estimate the temporal variation of these parameters. However, the results revealed that these parameters vary annually and seasonally. The limitations of AP are alternately at their peak and lowest throughout the winter and summer seasons, respectively. The maximum AP recorded during the study period was 1030.80, while the minimum AP was 989.04 mbar. The AT was at its lowest and highest during the winter and summer, respectively. Correspondingly, the winter wind speeds are lower than the summer wind speeds. Higher wind speeds are frequently caused by the shamal (northwest) wind. However, during the study period, the highest recorded wind speed was 19.9 m.sec-1. Correspondingly, AP oscillates more notably in the winter and spring and less notably in the summer and autumn, while AT oscillates more frequently and over a larger frequency range in the autumn and spring and less frequently in the summer and winter, according to our data. These results can be useful for future developments along the entire coastline of the region in terms of coastal constructions and coastal protection strategies.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Sadiq S. Abdullah, Sadiq Salim Al-Fartusi, Adel J.