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Sociological analysis of job satisfaction of working women at male-dominated workplace in Quetta (Balochistan) Shabana Muhammad Anwar; Fateh Mohammad Burfat; Ameer Ali Abro
Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 5 No. 1: JMPHSS 2021
Publisher : Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences

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The focus of the study is to examine the level of job satisfaction of working women in a male-dominant workplace. The women who work t male-dominated occupations faced several difficulties which decrease job satisfaction. The level of Job satisfaction can measure through the attitude of working women regarding work experiences. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of male dominancy on job satisfaction of working women at male-dominated work in Quetta city. The targeted population of this study was composed of N = 800 female workers from all higher educational institutes of Quetta (Balochistan). The sample size was N = 500. A structured questionnaire was developed to conduct primary data. The data were examined by using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) version 24 software. The Chi-square test was implemented to measure the relationship between job satisfaction and male dominance at the workplace. The findings showed there is a significant association between male dominancy and job satisfaction of working women. The level of job satisfaction of working women is lower because of males’ supremacy. These findings imply that the chances of professional development must be equally provided to every worker without any gender disparity. Moreover, these findings render useful recommendations for policymakers.

Sociological Study About the Issues of Women Career Advancement at Male-Dominated Workplace Shabana Muhammad Anwar; Anam Aqil Khan; Palwasha Ain-ud-din
Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 5 No. 1: JMPHSS 2021
Publisher : Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences

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Extensive studies have been conducted to focus on the obstacles of women's career advancement in organizations. Still, scarce literature exists related to women's career advancement in the tribal system of Pakistan. The purpose of this article is to reveal hinders of women's career advancement in a male's subjugated work environment. Statistics of current research disclose gender preference exists related to the career advancement of employees in organizations. Women in the workforce remain undervalued as compared to male workers. Gender disparity appears in career development based on age, education, traditional values, ethnicity, preference of male workers. Equal opportunities for both gender for career advancement play a significant role in progression. Several studies have been conducted related to issues of women's career advancement but, in the context of the tribal system of Balochistan little studies have been conducted. Therefore, a researcher is interested in highlighting the issues of women's career advancement, especially in the tribal system of Balochistan. The quantitative study was designed to achieve the objectives of the research. The information was collected from the universe composed of higher educational institutes and directorates of Quetta (Balochistan). The simple random sampling technique was used to select 500 female employees for the purpose of data gathering. A structured questionnaire was distributed, generated a hypothetical statement through previous literature was tested by SPSS. The result of the conducted study shows that organizations give more power, prestige and authority to men than women to achieve their professional goals smoothly. Women in the workplace do not have equal opportunities for career development; they have fewer chances of participation in different specialized pieces of training and workshops which enhance their professional growth. The male staff has more stable paths of career development in the male-dominated workplace. The present study will be helpful for policymakers, educationists and economists and those organizations which are working for women's progression.

A Sociological Analysis of Employment Discrimination Against Women in Pakistan Shabana Muhammad Anwar; Qurratul Ain Sardar; Anam Aqil Khan
Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 6 No. 1: JMPHSS
Publisher : Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33152/jmphss-6.1.2

In Pakistan, women treat not equally as a man in every stage of life. The patriarchal system of Pakistan retains women behindhand the man and generates inequalities to have equal social and economic opportunities of life enjoyment for the woman. A healthier lifestyle depends on the earning status of an individual. Without earning, the maintenance of the lifecycle cannot be possible. Pakistan is an underdeveloped country the half proportion of the population consists of women. Women’s participation in the labor force can improve the economy of the country and perform an active role in finishing poverty in Pakistan. The current study has been conducted from Balochistan, the most backward province of Pakistan. The people of Balochistan have strict cultural values and a tribal system, where the best place for women to stay is around the four walls of the home. They are not allowed to work outside the home. The number of working women is less as compared to men in the formal sector. The research aims to highlight the problems of women's employment due to male dominancy at the workplace. The nature of the study is quantitative; the area of study is higher educational institutes of Quetta Balochistan. Through simple random sampling, 500 respondents were selected. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire. The hypothetical statement was tested by the chi-square test. The p-value of the chi-square is lesser than 0.05. The results of the study show that due to the male-dominancy women do not have equal opportunities of selection at the workplace. The males' strong positions in the labor market create hurdles regarding women's employment. This study will be helpful for economists, the social welfare department, women development programs, different NGOs working for women's development to introduce policies for women's employment.

Workplace Harassment and Job Satisfaction: A Sociological Study among Female Employees of Quetta (Balochistan) Shabana Muhammad Anwar; Anam Aqil Khan; Qurratul Ain Sardar
Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 5 No. 5: JMPHSS
Publisher : Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33152/jmphss-5.5.3

This study focused on the impact of workplace harassment on the job satisfaction of female workers. Harassment is a common issue in every level of employment. Workplace harassment includes verbal, psychological, and physical torture to harass working women. Women face abusive situations at the workplace based on their class, caste, social status, sexual direction. Workplace bullying affects women’s level of job satisfaction. Job Satisfaction is the behavior of employees towards their experiences related to the services. This study aims to examine the effects of harassment on the job satisfaction of working women in Quetta (Balochistan). Therefore, the sample was selected from higher educational institutes and educational directorates of Quetta. The structured questionnaire was distributed among 500 female workers. The sample was drawn with the help of simple random sampling. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used to analyze the data. The results show a significant negative association between harassment and job satisfaction of females. The results of the study indicate that workplace harassment affects the level of satisfaction of women at the workplace. Harassment affects their mental and physical health and workplace performance. Working women turnover their jobs due to workplace bullying. This research will be helpful for legislation bodies, NGOs, different women development programs, economists to get information about the effects of workplace harassment on women’s job satisfaction.

“Sin of Passion not Principle, nor Even Purpose” - An Exploration of Feminist Consciousness in the Scarlet Letter Dr. Shumaila Mazhar; Shabana Muhammad Anwar; Qurratul Ain Sardar
Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 6 No. 2: JMPHSS
Publisher : Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences

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This study explores the complexities of the human mind, as revealed through Hester’s character in The Scarlet Letter by Hawthorne. The theoretical framework is based on the theories expounded by Ghazali, the famous 11th-century scholar of the Muslim world, and Freud, the genius of the 20th century. The research design is grounded on a thematic analysis of the selected novel. An exhaustive study of Ghazalain nafs-e-ammara and Freudian id have guided the interpretation of the selected character. The analysis of Hester’s demeanor and ethical principles inside the parameter of the selected theories reveals Hawthorne’s psychological insight. Above and beyond, it also provides a cognizance into the applicability of the psychological issues in the modern world, thus, reinforcing our belief in the corresponding workings of the human mind, irrespective of the variances in time and space. Additionally, it has also revealed that the incorporation of Eastern and Western insights for studying literary character has the potential of becoming an effective critical approach for psychological analysis in the realm of English literature.

Educational Disparity among Families living in Balochistan (Pakistan) on the Basis of Gender Shabana Muhammad Anwar; Anam Aqil Khan; Qurratul Ain Sardar
Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 6 No. 3: JMPHSS
Publisher : Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33152/jmphss-6.3.6

Education is the fundamental source that not only enhances knowledge but also builds the confidence of an individual. The development of any country utterly depends on its educational system, but unfortunately, the literacy ratio of education is low in Pakistan compared to other countries in Asia. The present study explores the educational disparity against girls based on gender in Pakistan. Geographically Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan and is instilled with the tribal system. The people of Balochistan strongly follow their cultural values strictly, where the male members of the society are only considered the head of their families. In patriarchal societies, males are authoritative and have the power of decisions over their women. In Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtoon Khaw, females are restricted merely to staying inside the house and strictly prohibited from taking their life’s decisions. Furthermore, the women are deprived of their rights. Education is the source of self-development and helps to progress in the country. The focus of this study is to highlight the educational discrimination against girls. The nature of the study is quantitative, and the respondents were selected from (Arts faculty) of all the degree colleges of Quetta city (capital of Baluchistan) through probability simple random sampling. The sample size was approximately 200 students from all degree colleges. Data were analyzed by the SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences). The p-value of .003 shows the relationship between gender discrimination and educational opportunities. Finally, the results demonstrated that families are not serious and are not paying any concentration on girls’ education. Girls do not have facilities at the family level, and the access to education for girls is not easy due to males’ superiority.

Violence Against Children: Physical Exploitation Faced by Child Scavengers in Rural Islamabad-Pakistan Dr. Nasim Khan Mahsud; Dr. Nudrat Mushtaq; Shabana Muhammad Anwar
Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 6 No. 4: JMPHSS
Publisher : Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33152/jmphss-6.4.2

Street child is the challenging social phenomenon confronted by many nations across the globe. The phenomenon of child violence specifically among street children who are working like child scavengers exists in almost all big cities of Pakistan. The under-age children sent to work often face physical, emotional, and sexual violence as the working environment is unsupportive of child rights. This study is an explorative study to unfold the awareness level among study respondents about the phenomena of violence against children and various forms of physical violence they face at work. This explorative study was conducted in the rural Islamabad. By using the nonprobability sampling procedure, purposive sampling technique was opted for the current research. The sample size was 110 from which 91 male respondents aging from 12 years to under 18 were interviewed. The analysis was done in the form of percentages and frequency distribution cross tabs and chi square test was run by using SPSS. Findings of this explorative study reveals that these child scavengers are in more miserable conditions than any other group of children in the country. They become victims of physical violence on streets from their peer group, at their workplace from community people and also from their family members at homes with a very frequent intensity. Current study suggests serious interventions for child protection from violence as well as from hazardous work environment from government and other stakeholders i.e., local communities, NGOs, families so can provide a safe and healthy environment to our children which in return ensures sustainability of the productive society.

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