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All Journal Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences
Noshina Saleem
University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences

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Opinion Expression in Hostile Opinion Climate: An Examination of Exposure to Political Hate among Facebook Users in Pakistan Naila Rafique; Noshina Saleem
Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 5 No. 1: JMPHSS 2021
Publisher : Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences

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Abstract

This study investigates the prevalence of the spiral of silence on social media regarding political hate speech. The study assumes that social media users estimate opinion climate on Facebook before expressing their opinion, when they are exposed to political hate speech. The research involved a quantitative analysis via survey. The sample comprised of undergraduate students of Political Science and Media & Communication Studies from two universities i.e., International Islamic University, Islamabad, and University of Punjab, Lahore. A total sample of 250 students was drawn through a systematic random sampling technique. Analytical strategies were based on descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Results indicated that most respondents are exposed to online political hate speech. Further, signiϐicant support was also found for applying the spiral of silence in the context of social media.
Co-Authors Naila Rafique