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All Journal Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Insights in Public Health Journal
Kumar, Anup
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Health Professions Public Health

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Determinants of Duration of the First Birth Interval Using the Semi-parametric Survival Model in Uttar Pradesh, India: Evidence from NFHS Singh, Udisha; Kishun, Jai; Kumar, Anup; Singh, Uttam; Kumar, Sachin; Kapoor, Vishwas; Mishra, Prabhaker
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.01.01

Abstract

Background: First birth is an important phenomenon in women life. It not only affects the duration of the rest of birth intervals but also affects the reproductive pattern of women. The study aims to explore the determinants of the duration of the first birth interval.Subjects dan Method: The cross-sectional study data of 33,275 women married between the years 2005-2021 aged (15-49) years from Uttar Pradesh, were selected from NFHS-5 data. The NFHS-5 sample is a stratified two-stage sample. Socio-demographic, socio-economic and cultural factors were taken as independent variables. The dependent variable was the first birth interval variable. Data analysis was performed on SPSS version 23 software and R Programming language for graphical representation. Cox proportional hazard models were applied for analysis.Results: The mean age of women at first marriage was 19.4; SD=3.26 years and the mean age of women at first birth was 21.39; SD=3.24 years. The median duration of the first birth interval was22 months with an IQR of 14 until 32 months. Cox hazard proportional analysis revealed that religion, residence, (ever) fetal loss, age at first birth, heard family planning, and women or husband education were found to be statistically significant factors associated with the duration of the first birth interval (p<0.001).Conclusion: There is a need to change the mindset of people towards the concept of the use of family planning methods to increase the length of the birth interval, regardless of various factors. This would help to increase the duration of the birth interval, improve the health of women and children, as well as help reduce population growth. Keywords: Uttar Pradesh, birth interval, semi-parametric, cox model, hazard plot. Correspondence:Jai Kishun, Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences. Lucknow – 226014, India; email: jaikishan.stat@gmail.com
Predictors of Unintended Pregnancy among Indian women: An analysis from NFHS-IV Survey Kishun, Jai; Chandra, Abhishek; Kumar, Anup; Singh, Uttam
Insights in Public Health Journal Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Insights in Public Health Journal
Publisher : Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.iphj.2025.6.1.14434

Abstract

Abstract Background Low levels of women’s decision-making over control of sexual intercourse, contraceptive use, domestic violence with intimate partners not only have impact on socioeconomic and cultural aspects but also on unintended pregnancies. Which create serious public health issues associated with physical, reproductive and mental health consequences. Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the predictors of unintended pregnancy among socio-demographic factors, contraceptive use, family planning methods, media exposure etc. among Indian women. State-wise prevalence of unintended pregnancies was also investigated to see which states need more attention Methods A total of 32428 married women aged between 15-49 years, who responded on current pregnancy wanted were observed in NFHS-IV (2015-16) survey data. Out of these, 3,842 were found eligible for this study. Logistic regressions were used for analysis using SPSS23 software. Results The mean age of 3,842 women respondents was 25.27 ± 4.97 years. 12.3% of them were unintended pregnancies. Women aged between 25-34 years (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.99-1.48) and 35-49 years (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.02-2.21) were more likely to have an unintended pregnancy than 15–24 years. Working women were 7% (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.73-1.18) less likely to have an unintended pregnancy than not working. Women who never used contraception were 1.4 times more likely to have an unintended pregnancy. Conclusions Sociodemographic disparities need to be addressed to promote reproductive health and welfare services. Preventing physical violence by intimate partners against women could reduce unintended pregnancy. Key messages Improving women’s status through educational and occupational initiatives could contribute to reducing physical violence and the incidence of unintended pregnancies Keywords: Unintended Pregnancy, Women, NFHS-IV, India
Co-Authors Chandra, Abhishek Kapoor, Vishwas Kishun, Jai Mishra, Prabhaker Sachin Kumar Singh, Udisha Singh, Uttam