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Hematibahar, Mohammad
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

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Performance Optimization of Masonry Mortar with Marble Dust, Spent Coffee Grounds, and Peanut Shell Ash Beskopylny, Alexey N.; Hematibahar, Mohammad; Momeni, Komeil; Stel'makh, Sergei A.; Shcherban', Evgenii M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-09

Abstract

This research focused on the inclusion of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) and peanut shell ash (PSH) as variable additives and marble dust as a constant additive to cement materials to substitute aggregates and determine the effect of each variable on the properties of cement materials. To determine the influence of PSH and SCGs, these were added to mortar in 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% proportions and were combined with microsilica and superplasticizer. To analyze the results, the compressive and flexural strengths during three-point bending were investigated. The chemical composition and microstructure of the mortar mix were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The results showed that incorporating microsilica into the mortar mix increased the compressive strength to over 35.42 MPa compared to the control sample's 33.4 MPa. Adding 0.1% and 0.3% of SCGs and PSH improved the compressive strength of the mortar mix to over 39.48 and 38.09 MPa, respectively. Including 0.2% SCGs and 0.1% PSH increased the flexural strength to over 4.52 and 6.0 MPa, respectively. The SEM and EDX results showed that adding 0.3% SCGs slowed down the formation of calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H), consequently slowing down the hydration processes, and the strength gain was slower compared to microsilica. The addition of 0.3 PSH stimulated the formation of C-S-H, additionally supplying the cement matrix with such elements as Si and Al. Overall, adding SCGs and PSH has a positive effect on the mechanical and chemical properties of the mortar mix, although adding PSH is more beneficial than adding SCGs. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-09 Full Text: PDF
Predictive Modeling of CSH Formation in Cement Materials Based on SEM and EDS Analysis Beskopylny, Alexey N.; Hematibahar, Mohammad; Kharun, Makhmud; Stel'makh, Sergei A.; Shcherban', Evgenii M.; Ananova, Oxana
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-06-017

Abstract

Calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) formation is a fundamental process required to enhance the density, strength, and durability of cementitious materials. However, there is a gap in the research on the structural, physical, and chemical transformations of CSH. The objectives of this study are to develop a predictive model of CSH formation in cementitious materials and evaluate the effects of gelatin powder (GP), silica fume (MS), ground coffee (SCG), and peanut shell (PS) on CSH formation. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) apply to the study of the composite cementitious materials. A multiple linear regression model is proposed to predict the changes of key elements, which improved the qualitative and quantitative understanding of the hydration mechanisms. The results show that GP significantly accelerates CSH formation by increasing the calcium and oxygen contents, while MS enhances pozzolanic activity by increasing the availability of silicon, resulting in structural densification. SCG contributes to the increase of carbon and oxygen by acting as a filler, while PS has minimal effect on hydration or crystallization. A regression model relating cement mix design proportions and CSH shows strong correlations between admixtures and chemical changes, particularly for calcium (R²=0.988) and silica (R²=0.985). To fill the existing research gaps, this study goes beyond previous studies, which primarily focused on individual aspects of CSH formation without considering the convergence of structural and chemical analysis.
Co-Authors Ananova, Oxana Beskopylny, Alexey N. Kharun, Makhmud Momeni, Komeil Shcherban', Evgenii M. Stel'makh, Sergei A.