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Kaka, U.
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

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Effects of exposure to slaughter ambient on catecholamines, β-endorphin, plasma enzymes, apoptotic index and shear-force of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle in goats Kumar, P.; Abubakar, A. A.; Adewale, M. A.; Abdul, M.; Hayat, M. N.; Rahman, Md. M.; Ajat, M.; Goh, Y-M.; Kaka, U.; Sazili, A. Q.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.1.1-10

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of exposure to the slaughter ambient on catecholamines, β-endorphin, plasma enzymes, and apoptotic index and shear-force of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) in goats. A total of 18 goats (Boer cross bucks, 1 year age, 27.50 ±1.5 kg live weight) used in the study were divided into three groups viz. goats were slaughtered alone (Control), goats were exposed to psychological stress by exposure to the slaughter ambient (E) and goats were slaughtered in front of E goats (S). The apoptotic index of LTL muscle cells was assessed at pre-rigor state. The dressed carcass was kept in a chiller (4±1°C) for 5 days and shear force values of LTL muscle were assessed on 0-day, 1 day (24 h), and 5-day intervals. The exposure to slaughter am-bient caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nor-adrenaline, and β-endorphin levels. The apoptotic index of the E samples was recorded as significantly (p<0.05) higher than control and S samples. The apoptotic index of the S samples was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the C samples. As for the shear force, the E samples exhibited lower values (p>0.05) than the C and S samples. Thus, the present study highlights the influence of preslaughter exposure to slaughter ambient on the tenderness of LTL muscle in goats during post-mortem aging.
Electroencephalogram, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase responses during preslaughter handling in goats handled by trained and untrained handlers Kumar, P.; Abubakar, A. A.; Adewale, M. A.; Hayat, M. N.; Adamu, G.; Ajat, M.; Goh, Y-M.; Kaka, U.; Sazili, A. Q.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 49, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.49.3.215-223

Abstract

The present study evaluated the effect of training to livestock handlers on electroencephalogram (EEG) and plasma enzymes levels during preslaughter handling in goats. Six handlers were divided into three groups viz., trained (T-trained in basic animal handling practices, animal behavior, and animal welfare principles), contact trained (CT-not trained directly but interacted and saw the working of trained handlers), and untrained (UT-no formal training). Eighteen Boer cross bucks were used in the study by following a cross-over design and electroencephalogram spectrum, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations were recorded before handling (in lairage) and after handling (at slaughter point). The training of livestock handlers had a significant (p<0.05) effect on the total power (Ptot) and median frequency (MF) of the EEG spectrum. Whereas no significant (p>0.05) change was recorded in the alpha, beta, delta, theta, and gamma bands activity. The goats handled by trained handlers exhibited significantly (p<0.05) lower CK and LDH concentrations than goats handled by CT and UT handlers, thereby indicating higher preslaughter stress in goats handled by CT and UT groups. Therefore, the current study emphasizes the significance of providing training to livestock handlers in order to mitigate preslaughter stress levels in goats.
Effect of rumen-protected fat on in vitro rumen fermentation and apparent biohydrogenation of fatty acids Behan, A. A.; Chwen, L. T.; Kaka, U.; Muhammad, A. I.; Samsudin, A. A.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 49, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.49.3.252-263

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected fat (RPF) on in vitro fermentation profiles and biohydrogenation of fatty acids. The treatment diets were basal diet (70:30 concentrate to rice straw) with no RPF (CON), basal diet plus prilled fat (PF), basal diet plus prilled fat with lecithin (PFL) and basal diet plus calcium soap of palm fatty acids (CaS). In vitro gas production, fermentation kinetics, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), rumen fermentation and fatty acid profile were determined. The results show that RPF did not affect cumulative gas production and gas production kinetics. PFL significantly (p < 0.05) improved IVDMD and IVOMD, although the addition of RPF did not affect ME. The volatile fatty acid (VFA), pH, ammonia nitrogen, methane, and molar proportion of VFA were not significantly influenced by the RPF; methane was numerically reduced because of PFL treatment. The concentration of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased (p < 0.05) whereas that of saturated fatty acids decreased in the control diet. The biohydrogenation of C18:2n-6 and C18 unsaturated fatty acids was enhanced (p < 0.05) by PFL. These findings suggest that PFL enhances gas production, decreases methane and increases the biohydrogenation of C18:2n6 without disrupting rumen fermentation.
Co-Authors Abdul, M. Abubakar, A. A. Adamu, G. Adewale, M. A. Ajat, M. Behan, A. A. Chwen, L. T. Goh, Y-M. Hayat, M. N. Kumar, P. Muhammad, A. I. Rahman, Md. M. Samsudin, A. A. Sazili, A. Q.