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Listiono Listiono
Faculty of Economic and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Environmental Science

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The relationship between transport, economic growth and environmental degradation for ninety countries Listiono Listiono
Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability Vol. 2 No. 1 (2018): pp 1 - 64 (April 2018)
Publisher : Center for Science and Technology, IAIN Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22515/sustinere.jes.v2i1.28

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between freight transport, economic growth, and environmental degradation (CO2 emissions) across ninety countries from 1980 to 2014. The analysis is divided into five groups: the global panel, high-income countries, upper-middle-income countries, lower-middle-income countries, and lower-income countries. This study employs a Simultaneous Equation Model, estimated using the Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) method. The results reveal a bi-directional causal relationship between economic growth and freight transport in both high-income and lower-income countries. Additionally, the findings indicate a bi-directional causality between transportation and CO2 emissions in upper-middle-income countries. Lastly, a bi-directional causality between economic growth and CO2 emissions is observed in lower-middle-income countries.
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