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Uji Reaktor Gasifikasi Downdraft Biomassa Sampah Kota I Putu Angga Yuda Pratama; I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya; I Gede Putu Agus Suryawan
Jurnal Mettek: Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional dalam Bidang Ilmu Teknik Mesin Vol 5 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Teknik Mesin Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/METTEK.2019.v05.i02.p08

Teknologi gasifikasi tipe downdraft adalah salah satu teknologi untuk mengkonversikan bahan bakar padat atau biomassa padat secara thermokimia dengan temperatur 6000-7000 C menjadi bahan bakar gas mampu bakar dengan kebutuhan udara 20 – 40% Stoikiometri dimana suplai udara masuk dari atas menuju dasar reaktor dan proses gasifikasi terjadi di dasar reaktor. Sampah kota atau ( Municipal Solid Westes) adalah bahan buangan yang terdiri dari bahan organik dan anorganik yang mempunyai nilai kalor sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performansi dari gasifier tipe dwondraft dengan variasi perlakuan awal bahan bakar kering, pellet, dan briket. Perbedaan perlakuan bahan bakar akan menghasilkan nilai kalor dan karakteristik bahan bakar yang berbeda sehingga nantinya akan didapatkan bahan bakar yang paling efektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa efisiensi tertinggi didapatkan pada variasi perlakuan awal bahan bakar sampah kota yang di briketkan yaitu sebesar 61,32% dan FCR tertinggi terjadi pada bahan bakar pellet yaitu 4,61 kg/jam. Gasification type Downdraft technology is one technology to convert thermochemical solid or biomass fuels with temperatures of 6000-7000 C into combustible gas fuels with air requirements of 20 - 40% Stoichiometry where the supply of air enters from above to the reactor base and gasification process occurs at the bottom of the reactor. Municipal solid waste is a waste material consisting of organic and inorganic materials that has a heating value, so that it can be used as fuel of gasification. This study aims to determine the performance of the dwondraft gasifier with variations in the pretreatment of dry MSW, pellets and briquettes. Differences in fuel treatment will produce different heating values ??and fuel characteristics so that the most effective fuel will be found later. The results showed that the highest efficiency was found in the variation of initial treatment municipal solid waste briquettes which was 61,32%, and the highest FCR occurs in pellet fuel which is 4.61 kg / hour.

Variasi Equivalence Ratio Pada Gasifikasi Downdraft Berbahan Bakar RDF Sampah Kota I Made Dony Mei Hermawan; I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya; I Gede Putu Agus Suryawan; I Putu Angga Yuda Pratama
Jurnal Mettek: Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional dalam Bidang Ilmu Teknik Mesin Vol 10 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Teknik Mesin Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/METTEK.2024.v10.i01.p02

pengelolaan sampah padat kota (Municipal Solid Waste, MSW), dengan potensi menghasilkan gas yang dapat langsung digunakan sebagai bahan bakar atau diolah menjadi bahan baku terbarukan untuk aplikasi skala kecil hingga besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas MSW, khususnya nilai kalor dan kerapatan, dengan mengubahnya menjadi Refused Derived Fuel (RDF). Diketahui bahwa peningkatan kerapatan bahan bakar membutuhkan jumlah udara (oksigen) yang optimal untuk mencapai efisiensi gasifikasi maksimum. Metode eksperimental digunakan untuk menguji kinerja bahan bakar RDF dalam reaktor gasifikasi downdraft dengan memvariasikan konsumsi udara, yang diukur dalam equivalence ratio (ER), pada rentang 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, dan 0.35. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai tertinggi Fuel Conversion Rate pada RDF adalah 1,96 kg/jam pada ER 0.15, sementara Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE) tertinggi tercapai pada ER 0.30 sebesar 80.39%. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa penyesuaian ER berdampak signifikan terhadap kinerja gasifikasi, dengan peningkatan ER menyebabkan naiknya suhu gasifikasi dan pasokan udara yang lebih baik. Namun, ER yang terlalu rendah dapat menyebabkan proses gasifikasi menjadi lebih lama dan mengurangi laju aliran gas sintesis, dan sebaliknya. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang pentingnya pengaturan ER yang optimal dalam proses gasifikasi RDF untuk meningkatkan efisiensi energi dan pengelolaan MSW yang lebih berkelanjutan. Gasification has been proven as an effective method for managing municipal solid waste (MSW), with the potential to produce gas that can be directly used as fuel or processed into renewable raw materials for small to large-scale applications. This study aims to improve the quality of MSW, particularly its calorific value and density, by converting it into Refused Derived Fuel (RDF). It is known that increasing the fuel density requires an optimal amount of air (oxygen) to achieve maximum gasification efficiency. An experimental method was used to test the performance of RDF fuel in a downdraft gasification reactor by varying air consumption, measured in equivalence ratio (ER), within the range of 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, and 0.35. The results showed that the highest Fuel Conversion Rate for RDF was 1.96 kg/hour at an ER of 0.15, while the highest Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE) was achieved at an ER of 0.30, amounting to 80.39%. This indicates that adjusting the ER significantly impacts gasification performance, with an increase in ER causing a rise in gasification temperature and better air supply. However, an ER that is too low can prolong the gasification process and reduce the flow rate of synthesis gas, and vice versa. This study provides insights into the importance of optimal ER setting in the RDF gasification process to enhance energy efficiency and promote more sustainable MSW management.

Variasi Equivalence Ratio Pada Reaktor Gasifikasi Downdraft Dengan Bahan Bakar Pelet Serbuk Kayu I Putu Angga Yuda Pratama
Jurnal Mettek: Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional dalam Bidang Ilmu Teknik Mesin Vol 9 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Teknik Mesin Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/METTEK.2023.v09.i02.p04

Kebutuhan akan energi fosil dan dampak lingkungan yang diakibatkan merupakan masalah yang harus segera ditangani. Salah satu solusi terhadap masalah ini adalah penggunaan energi berkelanjutan dan teknologi yang ramah lingkungan. Gasifikasi merupakan teknologi yang sesuai karena menggunakan bahan baku yang terbaharukan dan menghasilkan energi berupa syn gas yang dapat digunakan untuk bahan bakar pembangkit yang ramah lingkungan. Biomassa pelet kayu merupakan bahan yang banyak terdapat di wilayah hutan seperti Indonesia dan tentunya memiliki nilai kalor yang tinggi sehingga layak digunakan sebagai bahan bakar gasifikasi. Gasifiksi reaktor tipe downdraft merupakan jenis gasifikasi yang paling optimal karena menghasilkan produk tar yang paling rendah dibandingkan jenis lainnya. Faktor penting yang mempengaruhi proses gasifikasi adalah Equivalence Ratio (ER). Pada penelitian ini, ER akan divariasikan sebesar 0,15; 0,20; 0,25; 0,30 sesuai dengan literatur yang didapat. Didapatkan hasil bahwa pada ER 0,30, nilai Fuel Conversion Rate (FCR) sebesar 3,62 kg/jam dan nilai Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE) sebesar 37,26 %. Produk syn gas terbaik juga didapat pada ER 0,30, dimana hal ini menunjukan bahwa peningkatan ER berpengaruh signifikan pada performa gasifikasi karena terjadi peningkatan temperatur gasifikasi dan suplai udara. Namun jika ER terlalu kecil, waktu gasifikasi akan menjadi lebih panjang dan flowrate syn gas akan semakin kecil. The need for fossil fuels and the environmental impact it causes is a problem that must be addressed promptly. One solution to this issue is the use of sustainable energy and environmentally friendly technology. Gasification is a suitable technology because it utilizes renewable raw materials and produces syngas as an environmentally friendly fuel for power generation. Wood pellet biomass is abundant in forested regions like Indonesia and has high calorific value, making it a viable choice for gasification feedstock. The downdraft gasification reactor is considered the most optimal type because it produces the lowest tar content compared to other types. An important factor influencing the gasification process is the Equivalence Ratio (ER). In this study, ER was varied by 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30, as per the literature. The results showed that at an ER of 0.30, the Fuel Conversion Rate (FCR) was 3.62 kg/hour, and the Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE) was 37.26%. The best syngas product was also obtained at an ER of 0.30, indicating that an increase in ER significantly impacts gasification performance due to increased gasification temperature and air supply. However, if the ER is too low, the gasification time will be longer, and the syngas flow rate will be reduced.

Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste as An Energy Source in The Gasification Process Temaja, I Wayan; I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya; I Ketut Gede Wirawan; Made Sucipta; I Putu Angga Yuda Pratama
Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi Vol. 24 No. 3 (2024): November
Publisher : Unit Publikasi Ilmiah, P3M, Politeknik Negeri Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31940/logic.v24i3.129-134

Municipal solid waste (MSW) poses significant environmental challenges if not managed effectively. The composition and quantity of MSW are closely linked to the socioeconomic structure of a given area. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of utilizing raw materials from Denpasar's MSW for gasification processes. Samples were collected, segregated, processed, and dried for analysis. Various physical and chemical properties were examined, including moisture content, volatility, fixed carbon, elemental composition, and calorific value. Proximate analysis on dry base sample revealed that the MSW contained 12.45% moisture, 54.68% volatile matter, 13.05% fixed carbon, and 19.82% ash. Ultimate analysis showed the following elemental composition: 64.46% C, 11.5% H, 18.3% O, 0.5% N, and 0.05% S, with a calorific value of 11.99 MJ/kg. Based on these findings, the implementation of a waste-to-energy program utilizing gasification processes for waste management is recommended.

Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste as An Energy Source in The Gasification Process Temaja, I Wayan; I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya; I Ketut Gede Wirawan; Made Sucipta; I Putu Angga Yuda Pratama
Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi Vol. 24 No. 3 (2024): November
Publisher : Unit Publikasi Ilmiah, P3M, Politeknik Negeri Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31940/logic.v24i3.129-134

Municipal solid waste (MSW) poses significant environmental challenges if not managed effectively. The composition and quantity of MSW are closely linked to the socioeconomic structure of a given area. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of utilizing raw materials from Denpasar's MSW for gasification processes. Samples were collected, segregated, processed, and dried for analysis. Various physical and chemical properties were examined, including moisture content, volatility, fixed carbon, elemental composition, and calorific value. Proximate analysis on dry base sample revealed that the MSW contained 12.45% moisture, 54.68% volatile matter, 13.05% fixed carbon, and 19.82% ash. Ultimate analysis showed the following elemental composition: 64.46% C, 11.5% H, 18.3% O, 0.5% N, and 0.05% S, with a calorific value of 11.99 MJ/kg. Based on these findings, the implementation of a waste-to-energy program utilizing gasification processes for waste management is recommended.

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