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All Journal Jurnal Legalitas Journal of Indonesian Constitutional Law Decova Law Journal
Damina, Joshua John
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Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Smart Contract in the Metaverse: A Comparative Legal Analysis of Nigeria and Uganda in the Age of Digital Transaction Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen; Adebayo, Adesoji Kolawole; Eregbuonye, Obieshi; Onwubiko, Kelechi Jude; Damina, Joshua John
JURNAL LEGALITAS Vol 18, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33756/jelta.v18i1.28584

Abstract

The emergence of the Metaverse as a decentralized digital ecosystem has transformed traditional contract enforcement by introducing smart contracts, self-executing agreements embedded in blockchain systems. This study conducts a comparative legal analysis of the regulatory frameworks governing smart contracts within Metaverse operations in Nigeria and Uganda. Employing a doctrinal legal method, the research critically examines primary legal sources such as statutory laws and case law, alongside scholarly literature, to assess legal recognition, enforceability, and institutional preparedness. The study reveals a significant regulatory gap in Nigeria, where the absence of a comprehensive legal framework creates uncertainty in the enforceability of smart contracts, despite growing blockchain policy initiatives. In contrast, Uganda has established more definitive legal provisions, particularly through its Electronic Transactions and Signature Acts, which explicitly validate digital contracts. The novelty of this study lies in its regional comparative focus on emerging economies and its analysis of how traditional contract principles interact with decentralized digital platforms. The urgency of this inquiry is underscored by the rapid digitalization of commerce, which necessitates timely legal adaptation to prevent regulatory obsolescence and safeguard stakeholders. This research contributes to the discourse on digital governance by proposing a legal reform agenda for Nigeria, advocating for the adoption of a smart contract-enabling framework modeled after Uganda’s approach. Ultimately, it calls for regional and international harmonization to ensure legal certainty, consumer protection, and dispute resolution within Metaverse-driven economies.
The Increase of Child Labour in Nigeria: Legal Custody of Victim by the Nigerian Government as a Panacea Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen; Obieshi, Eregbuonye; Aidonojie, Esther Chetachukwu; Hassan, Ismaila; Damina, Joshua John
Journal of Indonesian Constitutional Law Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Journal of Indonesian Constitutional Law
Publisher : CV. Pustaka Parawali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71239/jicl.v1i3.26

Abstract

It is apt to state that there are numerous rights and obligations guardians or parents owe to their children or children in their custody. Although several laws seem to secure the right of children against child labour in Nigeria, however, it has been observed that there has been a recurrent increase in child labour, which is becoming a major challenge truncating the features of most children. In this regard, this study adopts a hybrid method of research in ascertaining if the Nigerian government takes custody of a child experiencing child labour could aid in curtailing the major challenge of child labour. In this regard, the study employs an online questionnaire sent to 307 respondents who reside in Nigeria. The study, therefore, found that, though several international and local laws tend to discourage child labour in Nigeria, there is still an increase in child labour. The study further found that several factors are often the root causes of child labour, and third-party custody of children suffering from child labour is a better solution. The study, therefore, concluded and recommended that to curb the major challenge of child labour, the Nigerian government needs to take a proactive step in assuming custody of children experiencing child labour. Hence, this study contributes to knowledge by determining if third-party custody is a possible consideration by the Nigerian government in legal-social intervention regarding diminished child labour and enforcing gaps left in existing child protection structures.
Advancing Gender's Balance Rights Through Constitutional and Legal Reforms: A Comparative Study of Nigeria and Uganda Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen; Izevbuwa, Osaretin George; Obieshi, Eregbuonye; Okpoko, Mercy; Damina, Joshua John
Journal of Indonesian Constitutional Law Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Indonesian Constitutional Law
Publisher : CV. Pustaka Parawali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71239/jicl.v2i1.47

Abstract

The concept of human rights has gained global recognition over time, and the international community and virtually all countries consider everyone equal and deserving of equal treatment. However, advancing gender balance in rights is a critical challenge in Nigeria, where constitutional and legal frameworks come short of equity. Hence, the study focuses on Nigeria's slow progress in addressing systemic gender imbalances that are further complicated by cultural and institutional barriers to women's full participation in the economic, political, and social arenas. The research will analyze how constitutional and legal reforms can advance gender balance rights in Nigeria by learning from Uganda, a country that is attributed with remarkable achievements in gender inclusivity. This study employed a doctrinal method utilising a comparative approach that analyzed primary legal documents, policies, and secondary sources between the two countries for the best practices and challenges. Findings reveal that Uganda's deliberate constitutional recognition of gender equity, affirmative action policies, and strong institutional frameworks have reduced gender disparity significantly. On the other hand, it is Nigeria's fragmented and under-enforced gender-related laws, and the non-express constitutional provision of gender equal participation contribute to continued inequalities. The study recommends extensive constitutional amendments, the establishment of gender-monitoring institutions, and raising awareness amongst the public in Nigeria to duplicate Uganda's successes in making gender balance a core national development agenda.
International Legal Framework in Curtailing Hazardous COVID-19 Medical Waste: Issues and Challenges Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen; Aidonojie, Esther Chetachukwu; Okpoko, Mercy Osemudiame; Obieshi, Eregbuonye; Damina, Joshua John
Decova Law Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Decova Law Journal
Publisher : CV. Pustaka Parawali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71239/dlj.v1i1.51

Abstract

At the close of 2019, the global environment was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare across the global environment was overwhelmed with patients suffering from the COVID-19 virus. However, in a bid to respond in curtailing the COVID-19 pandemic through medical equipment, it resulted in unprecedented waste. However, despite there are several global laws that curtail the incidence of waste generation and disposal, most developing countries experience a high level of medical waste from equipment used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. In this regard, the study adopts a doctrinal method of investigation to examine the global legal issues and challenges concerning waste emanating from medical equipment in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The study found that the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented medical waste within the global environment, low and middle-income countries suffered more as a dumping ground of medical waste emanating from the equipment used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The study also found that there is a legal gaps and weaknesses concerning the international laws curtailing the incidence of waste. Furthermore, the study also found that poor technology in recycling and curtailing COVID-19 medical waste is a major challenge to developing nations during the pandemic. The study concluded and recommended that to ensure a healthy and sustainable environment free from unprecedented waste. There is a need to strengthen National and international laws in curtailing the incidence and indiscriminate dumping of COVID-19 and any medical waste. Furthermore, the study recommends the need for international cooperation in knowledge sharing on sustainable waste management through sophisticated technology.   
Co-Authors Adebayo, Adesoji Kolawole Aidonojie, Esther Chetachukwu Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen Eregbuonye, Obieshi Hassan, Ismaila Izevbuwa, Osaretin George Obieshi, Eregbuonye Okpoko, Mercy Okpoko, Mercy Osemudiame Onwubiko, Kelechi Jude