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All Journal Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA)
Eisa, Alaa
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Phytochemical Profiling, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarindus indica Pulp Extracts: A Comprehensive Evaluation Mohamed, Nidal Eisa Abdalla; Ismail, Ayman A. A.; Eisa, Alaa
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.51-56

Abstract

The study looks at the antioxidant, antibacterial, and phytochemical characteristics of pulp extracts from Tamarindus indica. Several solvent fractions were obtained from the extraction process, such as hexane, butanol, ethyl acetate, crude, and aqueous, all of which indicated the existence of primary and secondary metabolites. High amounts of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids were found by phytochemical screening, especially in the butanol and ethyl acetate fractions. With an inhibition zone of 17 mm against Bacillus subtilis, the ethyl acetate extract had the most excellent antibacterial activity in antimicrobial tests conducted using the cup-plate agar diffusion method. With a radical scavenging activity of 11 ± 0.1%, the crude extract's antioxidant activity was found to be modest, in contrast to the positive control's 87% activity, propyl gallate (PG). These findings show that T. indica extracts have a promising antibacterial potential, despite their still-low antioxidant efficiency. According to the research, T. indica may be a valuable source of bioactive substances for medical and pharmacological uses, especially in the treatment of infections.
Chemical Composition GC/MS analysis, antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Hibiscus, Baobab, and Buckhorn Seed Oil’s Eisa, Nidal; Mohamed Masaad, Ali; Abdallah Ahmed, Ayman; Abubaker , Alyaa; Eisa, Alaa; Ahmed, Miska
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol9.iss1.art6

Abstract

This study explores the chemical composition and bioactive potential of Baobab, Hibiscus, and Buckthorn seed oils, focusing on their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities for cosmetic and functional food applications. GC/MS analysis revealed distinct profiles: Hibiscus oil was rich in 10(E),12(Z)-conjugated linoleic acid (32.87%) and cis-13-Octadecenoic acid (31.54%), Baobab oil contained high levels of cis-Vaccenic acid (24.59%) and n-Hexadecenoic acid (17.57%), and Buckthorn oil was characterized by significant concentrations of gamma-Sitosterol (12.78%) and gamma-Tocopherol (11.5%). The antioxidant capacity, measured using the DPPH assay, showed Buckthorn oil as the most active (IC₅₀ = 7.2 mg/mL), followed by Hibiscus (IC₅₀ = 11.7 mg/mL) and Baobab (IC₅₀ = 24.9 mg/mL), highlighting their potential as natural antioxidants, with Buckthorn oil demonstrating superior efficacy. Antimicrobial testing against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicansrevealed limited activity. Baobab and Buckthorn oils showed weak inhibition against S. aureus (9.3 mm and 9.0 mm, respectively). In contrast, Hibiscus oil had no effect, and none of the oils inhibited E. coli or C. albicans. One-way ANOVA confirmed no significant differences in inhibition zones against S. aureus (p = 0.204), indicating that the antimicrobial effects are weak and not statistically meaningful. These findings demonstrate that while the tested oils have strong antioxidant potential, particularly Buckthorn oil, their antimicrobial activity in crude form is limited. Future studies incorporating MIC determination and formulation optimization could enhance their practical applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and functional foods.
Co-Authors Abdallah Ahmed, Ayman Abubaker , Alyaa Ahmed, Miska Eisa, Nidal Ismail, Ayman A. A. Mohamed Masaad, Ali Mohamed, Nidal Eisa Abdalla