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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemistry JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Hulwati, Siti
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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The Study of Removal of Remazol Red with Biomaterial Paras Stone and Opuntia ficus-indica by Coagulation-Flocculation Hulwati, Siti; Fardiyah, Qonitah; Rumhayati, Barlah; Anggraini, Vita Dwi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.102760

Abstract

The rapid progress of the textile industry sector has an impact on the environment by producing dye waste. The use of synthetic coagulants in processing textile industry waste containing azo dyes can cause residues that are detrimental to the environment. In this research, a technique for processing azo dye was done using natural coagulants. The use of natural coagulants provides several advantages, such as being eco-friendly, abundant, and cost-efficient. The potential of paras stone and Opuntia ficus-indica biomaterials as natural coagulants and flocculants for removing remazol red dye was thoroughly investigated under various conditions, including coagulant dose, the speed of coagulation, and the optimal initial pH of the test solution. The removal of remazol red dye was quantitatively analyzed using a UV-vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 520 nm. Findings from the research revealed that the removal efficiency of remazol red dye reached 96.70% with a coagulant dose of 2.75 g of paras stone and 2.00 g of O. ficus-indica at an optimal coagulation speed of 500 rpm and a pH of 4 for the testing solution. The results of this study provide an engineering perspective on optimizing operational parameters for removing remazol red in aquatic environments.
The Effect of Paras Stone Green Coagulant Preparation and Test Solution Concentration on Azo Dye Removal Hulwati, siti; Fardiyah, Qonitah -; Rumhayati, Barlah -
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 10, No 2 (2025): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v10i2.100487

Abstract

Paras Stone, a volcanic clay rich in silica (SiO₂) and widely used in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), for sculptures, tombstones, and decorative ornaments, produces significant residual waste during carving. This waste can be repurposed as a natural coagulant for wastewater treatment, though research on its local application remains limited. Azo dyes, particularly prevalent in the textile industry, are produced at an estimated 700,000 tons annually, with 10–15% discharged into wastewater streams, posing serious environmental risks due to their toxic and non-biodegradable nature. This study investigates the removal efficiency of Remazol Red azo dye using Paras Stone under three conditions: non-activated, physically activated, and chemically activated with HCl or H₂SO₄. Chemical activation involved immersing Paras Stone in 3 M HCl or 0.1 M H₂SO₄ solutions with stirring for 2 hours, then rinsing to neutral pH and drying. Coagulation–flocculation experiments were conducted in batch mode, consisting of a 4-minute and 20-minute coagulation phase. The results demonstrated that non-activated Paras Stone achieved the highest dye removal efficiency (95.50%), surpassing samples activated with HCl (91.57%) and H₂SO₄ (92.53%). ANOVA analysis confirmed these differences as statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. The optimum conditions were obtained with a coagulant dose of 2.75 g of Paras Stone and 2.00 g of Opuntia ficus-indica gel, applied at a Remazol Red solution concentration of 30 mg/L. The O. ficus-indica gel, prepared by extracting parenchyma tissue, grinding, centrifuging, and collecting the gel-like supernatant, was a natural flocculant that facilitated the formation of larger flocs and accelerated sedimentation. These findings indicate that non-activated Paras Stone offers an effective, low-cost, and environmentally sustainable alternative for removing azo dyes in textile wastewater treatment.
Co-Authors Anggraini, Vita Dwi Barlah Rumhayati Fardiyah, Qonitah - Qonitah Fardiyah Rumhayati, Barlah -