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Arifianto, Alexander
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Social Sciences

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NAHDLATUL ULAMA AND ITS COMMITMENT TOWARDS MODERATE POLITICAL NORMS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ABDURRAHMAN WAHID AND JOKOWI ERA Arifianto, Alexander
Journal Of Global Strategic Studies Vol 1 No 1 (2021): Journal of Global Strategic Studies
Publisher : Master's Programs in International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Jenderal Achmad Yani University (UNJANI).

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1038.482 KB) | DOI: 10.36859/jgss.v1i1.573

Abstract

This article addresses recent development related to Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) – Indonesia’s largest Islamic organization - and its recent actions as it faces ideological and political challenges from other conservative Islamist organizations. In the process, NU seems to have engaged in backtracking its commitment to consistently promote moderate norms like democracy and tolerance toward different religious and political viewpoints. It examines the factors which explains this reversal and answers the following research puzzle: Under which socio-political conditions do a religious organization that has adhered to follow moderate political norms and discourses decide to backtrack from them and decide to pursue policies to embrace an ‘exclusivist moderation’? The article concludes the declining commitment to moderate norms within the NU is due to growing ideological competition from conservative Islamists both within and outside of the organization, leading NU to embrace immoderate responses to crack down against its competitors.
Islam, Christianity, and the Formation of Secularism in Indonesia 1945-1960 Arifianto, Alexander
Journal Of Global Strategic Studies Vol 2 No 1 (2022): Journal of Global Strategic Studies
Publisher : Master's Programs in International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Jenderal Achmad Yani University (UNJANI).

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (433.81 KB) | DOI: 10.36859/jgss.v2i1.1053

Abstract

In this article, I will apply the varieties of secularism theory developed by Elizabeth Shakman Hurd and Ahmet Kuru in the case of Indonesia. Following Kuru’s typology, I argue that Indonesian secularism resembles that of passive secularism. This form of secularism came about from an alliance between secular nationalists and a religious minority (Christianity). The alliance between the two groups had successfully prevented Islam from becoming a dominant religion when an independent Indonesian state was formed in 1945. It was also successful from preventing reformist Muslims from instituting a state based on the sharia law during the crucial period of state-building in Indonesia between 1945 and 1960. However, this alliance also results in the formation of two authoritarian regimes that ruled Indonesia for four decades (1959-1998), and in the often tenuous relationship between two religious groups that sat on the opposite end of this conflict, namely Indonesian Muslims and Christians.
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