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Innovation and Carbon Emissions: A Southeast Asian Perspective Hardi, Irsan; Çoban, Mustafa Necati; Fumey, Michael Provide
Ekonomikalia Journal of Economics Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/eje.v3i1.275

Abstract

In an era where sustainable development is paramount, understanding the relationship between innovation and environmental impact has become increasingly critical. As Southeast Asian (SEA) economies strive to transition toward more knowledge-based and technology-driven growth, it is crucial to assess whether innovation fosters sustainability or exacerbates environmental degradation. This study examines the impact of the innovation ecosystem on CO2 emissions in selected SEA countries, utilizing various metrics from the Global Innovation Index (GII) grouped into five categories: institutions, human capital and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, and creative outputs. By employing Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) and conducting robustness checks with Robust Least Squares (RLS), the study reveals that all GII categories significantly impact CO2 emissions. However, the findings indicate that this impact is positive, meaning that the innovation landscape in SEA continues to contribute to rising CO2 emissions. The country-specific analysis also confirms that most of the GII categories are still not environmentally friendly. This evidence underscores the need for policymakers in SEA countries to prioritize the development of environmentally sustainable innovation frameworks that promote the adoption of inclusive green technologies and practices to mitigate the adverse effects of innovation on CO2 emissions.
Do Business Conditions Drive FDI Inflows? A Decomposition Analysis Using B-READY Indicators Hardi, Irsan; Çoban, Mustafa Necati; Maulana, Ar Razy Ridha; Idroes, Ghalieb Mutig; Mardayanti, Ulfa
Indatu Journal of Management and Accounting Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ijma.v3i1.303

Abstract

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is essential for economic development and business sustainability, and understanding the business conditions that attract it remains a key policy concern. This study adopts a decomposition approach by examining the impact of various B-READY indicators on FDI inflows in separate models, using cross-sectional data from 45 countries. To ensure methodological rigor, it applies three Robust Least Squares (RLS) estimation techniques: M-type, S-type, and MM-type. The findings reveal that six out of ten B-READY indicators exert a positive and statistically significant influence on FDI inflows. The significant B-READY indicators, such as business insolvency, dispute resolution, international trade, labor, market competition, and taxation, highlight critical factors that businesses consider when entering or expanding in foreign markets. These insights offer valuable guidance and practical implications not only for policymakers seeking to strengthen national investment environments, but also for businesses evaluating market readiness and investment risks in foreign economies.