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All Journal Substantive Justice International Journal of Law Money: Journal of Financial and Islamic Banking
Gultom, Qinnara Zegia
Unknown Affiliation
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Russian-Ukrainian Conflict: International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Settlements Gunawan, Yordan; Gultom, Qinnara Zegia; Amarulia, Shafirah; Arumbinang, Mohammad Hazyar
Susbtantive Justice International Journal of Law Vol 6 No 2 (2023): Substantive Justice International Journal of Law
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/substantivejustice.v6i2.253

Abstract

The research analyzes the views of the International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and UN Charter violations in the case of the invasion of civilian settlements in the Russia-Ukraine conflict for justice. The conflict, which took place on February 24, 2022, has raised serious concerns about violations of the UN Charter and IHL and the protection of civilians. This research collected data and information from various primary and secondary sources, including reports of international organizations, legal documents, and journal analysis. A qualitative approach was used to analyze the impact of the invasion of civilian settlements on IHL in the case of the Russia and Ukraine case. The results show that the view of IHL in the context of the invasion of civilian settlements in the Russia-Ukraine case has caused great harm to civilians, ranging from damage to homes, infrastructure, and public facilities, including casualties. It also appears that Russia has ignored the guiding principles of the UN Charter. To overcome this problem, several steps can be taken. First, there is a need to increase understanding and awareness of IHL among all parties involved in the conflict. Second, increase efforts to maintain brotherhood between nations. Third, working together to assist in humanitarian terms in the event of armed conflict, famine, and starvation. The resulting policy implications and recommendations can be used as a guide for policymakers and practitioners to improve the humanitarian protection of civilians in the future.
The Legal Protection for Bank Customers in Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Transactions Gultom, Qinnara Zegia
Money: Journal of Financial and Islamic Banking Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Program Studi Perbankan Syariah Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/money.v3i1.30297

Abstract

Objectives - This study aims to examine the legal safeguards for customers using the Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) of Bank BNI Biak Branch and to analyze the bank’s liability for any damages incurred during ATM transactions. The research focuses on identifying the extent of legal protection provided to customers and the mechanisms available for redress in case of transactional losses or fraud. Methods - This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using both empirical and normative legal analysis. Data were obtained through interviews, document analysis, and literature studies to capture real cases and assess them within the framework of existing consumer protection laws. Results - The findings reveal that the provisions of Consumer Protection Law Number 8 of 1999 are consistent with the legal protections afforded to banking clients. Bank BNI Biak Branch provides compensation for losses resulting from operational errors or unlawful acts affecting ATM transactions. The study also emphasizes that banks are obliged to reimburse customer losses and implement restorative justice through banking mediation institutions, clear customer complaint procedures, increased product information transparency, and improved consumer education to minimize legal disputes. Civil disputes may also be resolved through established civil law procedures in court. Originality (Novelty) - This study contributes to the understanding of how consumer protection principles are applied specifically within the context of ATM transactions in regional banking institutions. It highlights the integration of restorative justice and mediation as preventive and corrective measures in resolving banking disputes. Implications - The results underscore the importance of strengthening institutional mechanisms for consumer protection in banking services. Policymakers and financial institutions can utilize these insights to enhance transparency, accountability, and customer trust in electronic banking systems.
Co-Authors Amarulia, Shafirah Arumbinang, Mohammad Hazyar Yordan Gunawan