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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Salawu, Kayode Muritala
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Earth & Planetary Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Pharmacognostical Evaluation, Growth Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of Chasmanthera dependens Hochst. Salawu, Kayode Muritala; Balogun, Quadri Olayinka; Sulaiman, Hikmat Opeyemi; Ologe, Mary Funmi; Salawu, Oluwatoyosi Olatoun
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.4.1010-1024

Abstract

The absence of pharmacognostic criteria and inadequate crude drug quality control yardsticks are the primary reasons for medicinal plant misidentification, therapeutic failure, and toxicity associated with herbal medicines. This study aims to identify the macroscopic and microscopic features, physicochemical properties, important chemical constituents, and antioxidant and growth inhibitory potential of Chasmanthera dependens, a species found in the rainforest of West Africa. A detailed pharmacognostic evaluation of C. dependens was carried out, including macroscopic and microscopic characterization, phytochemical screening, and physicochemical analysis. Antioxidant and growth-inhibitory bioassays were performed to assess its bioactivity. Chasmanthera dependens is characterized by a cylindrical, partly long, rough-surfaced twig with evergreen, cordate leaves. Its exudate is odorless but slightly sweet, with a bitter aftertaste. Microscopic analysis revealed covering trichomes on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, with an anomocytic type of stomata only on the abaxial surface. The chemical analysis showed the fruit is rich in phytoconstituents like alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids, as well as important micronutrients such as zinc, copper, cadmium, magnesium, manganese, protein, lipids, and fiber. The extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant and growth-inhibitory effects. This study provides the first detailed pharmacognostic features of C. dependens, contributing valuable data for its identification, quality control, and potential medicinal applications.
Bioactivities of Prosopis africana Whole Fruit: Antibacterial and Urease Inhibition Properties Salawu, Kayode Muritala; Abdullahi, Saad Toyin; Rabiu, Akeem Ganiyu; Adegboye, Olutosin Alarape; Aamer, Muhammad; Shehla, Nuzhat; Wang, Yan
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1547-1550

Abstract

Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. (Fabaceae) is a West African tree traditionally used for treating infections. However, a systematic evaluation of the bioactivities of its fruit remains limited, and studying the fruit offers a more sustainable and conservation-friendly approach compared to harvesting the bark or roots. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and urease inhibitory properties of the whole fruit extract of P. africana and its solvent-partitioned fractions. The powdered whole fruit was macerated in 70% methanol to obtain a crude extract (PAF-0). A 1.1 kg portion of PAF-0 was subsequently partitioned using 1 L volumes per cycle into n-hexane (PAF-1), dichloromethane (PAF-2), ethyl acetate (PAF-3), and aqueous (PAF-4) fractions. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). Jack bean urease inhibition was assessed spectrophotometrically. All experiments included vehicle controls (DMSO) and were performed with three independent replicates (n=3). The dichloromethane fraction (PAF-2) exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity, showing 84% and 88% inhibition against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, respectively, which was comparable to the standard drug ofloxacin. In the urease inhibition assay, the n-hexane fraction (PAF-1) and the crude extract (PAF-0) were the most potent, with IC50 values of 27.1 µg/mL and 27.6 µg/mL, respectively. The findings indicate that the dichloromethane and n-hexane fractions of P. africana fruit possess significant antibacterial and urease inhibitory activities. This provides a scientific basis for its traditional uses against infections and highlights its potential as a rich source of bioactive compounds for further pharmacological development.
Co-Authors Aamer, Muhammad Abdullahi, Saad Toyin Adegboye, Olutosin Alarape Balogun, Quadri Olayinka Ologe, Mary Funmi Rabiu, Akeem Ganiyu Salawu, Oluwatoyosi Olatoun Shehla, Nuzhat Sulaiman, Hikmat Opeyemi Yan Wang