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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Islamic Studies Indonesian Journal Health Science and Medicine
Taqi, Riyadh Hussain
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Religion Humanities Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary

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Students’ Knowledge Regarding Passive Smoking: A Cross-Sectional Study: Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Mengenai Perokok Pasif: Sebuah Studi Cross-Sectional Hussein, Wathiq Faraon; Rahi, Eman H; Taqi, Riyadh Hussain
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v1i2.23

Abstract

Background: Worldwide, smoking is a serious public health issue. While thousands of researchers have examined the health impacts of active smoking, less is known about the effects of passive smoking. Objectives: To identify the students’ knowledge regarding passive smoking. Methods: Nursing college students were given an electronic form to complete as part of a cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating their understanding of passive smoking. Convenient electronic sampling was employed. The study included a sample size of 150 University of Basra College of Nursing students at all levels. Results: We estimated that the population was composed of 61.4% Basra residents, 13.3% Thiqar residents, 10% Babylonians, 7.4% Baghdad residents, 6.6% Samawa residents, and 1.3% Dyala residents. 4% were older than 28, 80% were between the ages of 23 and 27, and 16% were between the ages of 18 and 22. They were divided into four stages: 22% in the first, 16% in the second, 18% in the third, and 44% in the fourth. The midnight study accounted for 30% of the sample, whereas the morning study accounted for 70%. Conclusion: Nursing college students are highly knowledgeable about the negative effects of passive smoking, as evidenced by the fact that the majority of the questionnaire's items were significant. Highlights: Smoking is a public health issue; passive smoking effects are under-researched. Assess nursing students' knowledge of passive smoking. Nursing students are knowledgeable about passive smoking's negative effects. Keywords: Students, Knowledge, Passive Smoking
Criminal Settlement as a Judicial Solution in Iraq’s Legal Framework: Penyelesaian Pidana sebagai Solusi Yudisial dalam Kerangka Hukum Irak Taqi, Riyadh Hussain
Indonesian Journal of Islamic Studies Vol. 12 No. 4 (2024): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijis.v12i4.1763

Abstract

Background: Criminal settlement has emerged as a vital alternative to conventional criminal trials, offering procedural efficiency and fostering reconciliation. Specific Background: In Iraq, the practice has gained traction, yet its legislative and institutional frameworks remain underdeveloped. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing application, limited research exists on Iraq’s legal structure governing criminal settlements and its alignment with comparative international models. Aims: This study aims to critically examine the historical evolution and legal framework of criminal settlement in Iraq, assess its practical implications on judicial processes, and compare Iraq’s approach with selected Arab and global systems to propose reforms. Results: The findings indicate that criminal settlements enhance court efficiency, promote social harmony, and assist victim recovery; however, several procedural and regulatory deficiencies persist. Novelty: The study uniquely integrates doctrinal analysis, judicial review, and comparative law to uncover the systemic limitations of Iraq’s settlement procedures while incorporating restorative justice theory. Implications: The research advocates for establishing judicial reconciliation units, enhancing judge and prosecutor training, implementing public awareness campaigns, and restricting settlements in cases demanding public accountability. These reforms aim to institutionalize criminal settlement as a sustainable pillar of justice in Iraq. Highlights: Identifies legal gaps in Iraq’s criminal settlement system. Compares Iraq with Arab and global legal practices. Recommends reforms for justice, efficiency, and victim protection. Keywords: Criminal Settlement, Iraq, Comparative Law, Restorative Justice, Legal Reform
Co-Authors Hussein, Wathiq Faraon Rahi, Eman H