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All Journal Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering)
Anastasia Grandivoriana Nomi
Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Engineering

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Effectiveness of Lontar Sap Vinegar and Lime Juice as a Substitute for HCl in the Production of Skipjack Fish Bone Gelatin Naema Bora; Anastasia Grandivoriana Nomi
Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Vol 14, No 2 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : The University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtep-l.v14i2.560-569

Abstract

Gelatin is a product of collagen hydrolysis that is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The gelatin production process generally uses hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a hydrolysis agent, but its use raises concerns about the environment and food safety. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of palm sap vinegar and lime juice extract as a substitute for HCl in the production of gelatin from skipjack fish bones (Katsuwonus pelamis). The study used a 3 x 3 factorial design with two main factors, namely the type of acid compound (HCl, coconut sap vinegar, and lime juice extract) and the acid concentration (5%, 7%, and 9%). The variables observed included yield, pH, moisture content, ash content, fat content, and gelatin protein content. The results showed that the type of acid and the con-centration of acid significantly affected the quality of gelatin. Palm sap vinegar produces gelatin with characteristics almost equivalent to HCl, with the highest protein content of 53.77%. Meanwhile, lime juice extract produced lower protein content (48.87%) yet provided lower fat content. The 7% and 9% acid concentration produces gelatin of the highest quality in terms of yield and protein content. This study shows that palm sap vinegar can be environmentally friendly and effective alternatives to replace HCl in gelatin production, with some adjustments to their concentration and application. Keywords: Acid concentration, Gelatin skipjack fish bones, Lime juice extract, Palm sap vinegar.
Effectiveness of Lontar Sap Vinegar and Lime Juice as a Substitute for HCl in the Production of Skipjack Fish Bone Gelatin Naema Bora; Anastasia Grandivoriana Nomi
Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : The University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtep-l.v14i2.560-569

Abstract

Gelatin is a product of collagen hydrolysis that is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The gelatin production process generally uses hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a hydrolysis agent, but its use raises concerns about the environment and food safety. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of palm sap vinegar and lime juice extract as a substitute for HCl in the production of gelatin from skipjack fish bones (Katsuwonus pelamis). The study used a 3 x 3 factorial design with two main factors, namely the type of acid compound (HCl, coconut sap vinegar, and lime juice extract) and the acid concentration (5%, 7%, and 9%). The variables observed included yield, pH, moisture content, ash content, fat content, and gelatin protein content. The results showed that the type of acid and the con-centration of acid significantly affected the quality of gelatin. Palm sap vinegar produces gelatin with characteristics almost equivalent to HCl, with the highest protein content of 53.77%. Meanwhile, lime juice extract produced lower protein content (48.87%) yet provided lower fat content. The 7% and 9% acid concentration produces gelatin of the highest quality in terms of yield and protein content. This study shows that palm sap vinegar can be environmentally friendly and effective alternatives to replace HCl in gelatin production, with some adjustments to their concentration and application. Keywords: Acid concentration, Gelatin skipjack fish bones, Lime juice extract, Palm sap vinegar.
Isolasi Selulosa Dari Serat Buah Lontar (Borassus Flabellifer L.) Asal Pulau Timor Serta Aplikasinya Sebagai Bahan Baku Bioplastik Anastasia Grandivoriana Nomi; Christin Hendriyani Bonnu; Marlon Jusak Rinaldy Benu Beno
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan Vol 26 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lampung.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25181/jppt.v26i1.4813

Abstract

The increasing use of synthetic polymer-based plastics derived from non-renewable resources has caused serious environmental and health problems. Therefore, the development of bioplastics based on natural polymers is considered a sustainable solution. This study aimed to isolate cellulose from lontar fruit fiber (Borassus flabellifer Linn.) and to evaluate its potential application as a raw material for bioplastic production. Lontar fruit fiber was subjected to alkaline treatment using NaOH, followed by bleaching with H₂O₂ and acid hydrolysis using H₂SO₄. The isolated cellulose was characterized in terms of yield, moisture content, and functional group identification using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the final cellulose yield reached 45.67%, indicating the dominance of the cellulose fraction after significant removal of hemicellulose and partial lignin. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic cellulose functional groups, including hydroxyl (–OH), C–H stretching, and β-1,4-glycosidic (C–O–C) bonds, while lignin-related absorption bands were observed with very low intensity. The isolated cellulose was subsequently applied in bioplastic formulation using gelatin and glycerol as plasticizers. The resulting bioplastic exhibited homogeneous appearance, good elasticity, and low brittleness. These findings demonstrate that cellulose derived from lontar fruit fiber has strong potential as an environmentally friendly bioplastic raw material and supports the valorization of local biomass waste from dryland ecosystems.
Co-Authors Christin Hendriyani Bonnu Marlon Jusak Rinaldy Benu Beno Naema Bora, Naema