Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal JHCLS Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues
Muhammad Azam
Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad
Environmental Science Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health

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The Protection Policies on Predatory Digital Credit Traps Students: Lessons from Indonesia Ali Masyhar; Pupung Purnawarman; Nunung Suryati; Sri Setyarini; Muhammad Azam
Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System
Publisher : Contrarius Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53955/jhcls.v6i1.862

Abstract

This study examines the increasing practice of illegal online lending that targets university students and places them in financially vulnerable conditions. The rapid growth of digital lending services has expanded access to credit, but it has also enabled predatory schemes that exploit students with limited income and insufficient financial literacy. This research aims to analyze the factors that encourage student involvement in illegal online lending, identify the operational patterns adopted by unlawful lenders, and formulate effective measures for risk protection. The study uses a sociolegal approach that combines normative legal analysis with empirical data gathered through questionnaires and interviews with students. The findings show that, first, many students understand that online loans do not offer sustainable solutions to financial difficulties, yet many remain unable to distinguish lawful platforms from unlawful services. Second, financial pressure, immediate access to funds, persuasive digital promotion, and limited awareness of legal risks significantly increase student exposure to illegal lending. Third, illegal lenders impose excessive charges, misuse personal data, employ coercive collection methods, and generate financial instability, psychological distress, and declining academic performance. This study concludes that student vulnerability to illegal online lending reflects a structural problem that requires stronger regulation, university-based protection mechanisms, and continuous financial literacy programs.
Regulation of Criminal Sanctions for Physical Domestic Violence Promoting Gender Equality Fandy Setiawan; Hery Purwanto; Hariyanto Hariyanto; Bambang Prasetyo; Muhammad Azam
Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues (JSDERI) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues
Publisher : Contrarius Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53955/jsderi.v4i2.402

Abstract

Victims of physical domestic violence experience unequal power relations, economic vulnerability, and social stigma, requiring a criminal justice system that ensures offender accountability, victim protection, recovery, and substantive justice. This study examines the extent to which the current regulation of criminal sanctions for physical domestic violence reflects the values of Pancasila justice, identifies the weaknesses of the existing legal framework, and formulates a regulatory reconstruction based on the principles of Pancasila justice. This research adopts a sociolegal approach by examining statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and their practical implementation through qualitative analysis of legal materials and empirical findings. The results show that first, the existing regulation under Law Number 23 of 2004 continues to emphasize imprisonment and monetary penalties while failing to provide comprehensive protection through restitution, psychological rehabilitation, health services, legal assistance, and victim recovery. Second, weaknesses in legal substance, institutional effectiveness, and legal culture reduce the effectiveness of law enforcement and limit victims' access to meaningful legal protection and justice. Third, reconstructing the criminal sanction framework by establishing restitution as the primary sanction, strengthening additional sanctions through movement restrictions and mandatory counseling, reclassifying complaint based offenses as ordinary offenses, and developing effective restitution enforcement mechanisms creates a victim oriented criminal justice system that enhances legal certainty, promotes substantive justice, and realizes the humanitarian, equality, and social justice values embodied in Pancasila.
Co-Authors Ali Masyhar Bambang Prasetyo Fandy Setiawan Hariyanto Hariyanto Hery Purwanto Nunung Suryati Pupung Purnawarman Sri Setyarini