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All Journal Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Jurnal Jurisprudence
Thea Farina
Universitas Palangka Raya, Indonesia
Aerospace Engineering Computer Science & IT Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Neuroscience Social Sciences

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Credit Scoring P2P Lending Fintech: Right to Explanation in AI-Based Credit Aliya Suci Maghfirli; Thea Farina; Nuraliah Ali
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 5 No. 11 (2025): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v5i11.52362

Abstract

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has transformed the credit scoring system in Indonesia’s fintech peer-to-peer (P2P) lending sector. Automated decision-making increases efficiency and financial inclusion but also raises legal concerns, particularly regarding consumers’ right to obtain explanations for decisions made solely by AI. This study analyzes the legal framework governing the right to explanation and consumer protection in AI-based automated credit assessments within Indonesian P2P lending services. A normative juridical method is applied using legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings show that Indonesia has established several legal foundations, including Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, POJK No. 40 of 2024 on Information Technology-Based Joint Funding Services, and POJK No. 22 of 2023 on Consumer and Community Protection in the Financial Services Sector. However, specific regulation on the right to explanation for AI-generated automated decisions is still lacking. This gap creates challenges in ensuring algorithmic transparency, fairness, and accountability, especially when automated assessments potentially lead to discrimination or inaccurate risk profiling. Therefore, regulatory strengthening is required to mandate the implementation of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), ensuring that consumers receive understandable information about how decisions are made and possess the right to contest harmful outcomes. Clearer legal mandates are also needed to hold business actors accountable for risks arising from automated decision-making and to protect consumers’ rights in an increasingly digital lending environment.
AI-Based Dynamic Pricing in Online Transportation Services: A Legal Review of Algorithmic Fairness and Transparency Abed Nego Marpaung; Thea Farina; Nuraliah Ali
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v6i3.52408

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the digital economy, including app-based transportation services. One of the most debated applications of AI is dynamic pricing, a mechanism that automatically adjusts fares based on real-time market demand and supply fluctuations. In Indonesia, this practice raises legal issues related to consumer protection and economic fairness, particularly when prices surge drastically during emergencies. The lack of algorithmic transparency in fare determination raises concerns about fairness for consumers and the balance of interests among service providers, drivers, and users. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of dynamic pricing under Indonesia’s Consumer Protection Law and Trade Law, and to formulate regulatory recommendations ensuring that AI-based pricing systems remain ethical and fair for all parties. The research employs a normative legal method using three main approaches: a statutory approach to examine relevant legal frameworks, a conceptual approach to explore theories of price fairness and digital consumer protection, and a comparative approach to assess dynamic pricing practices in other countries. Data are collected from primary and secondary legal sources, as well as in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including government regulators, transportation service providers, drivers, consumers, and digital law experts. The findings are expected to provide concrete recommendations for regulating AI-driven dynamic pricing in online transportation services, thereby promoting a balance between consumer protection, algorithmic transparency, and the sustainability of Indonesia’s digital economy.
The Notary's Right of Refusal in Examination: Study of Judicial Consideration of Decision Number 1003 K/PID/2015 Thea Farina; Nuraliah Ali; Ruzian Markom
Jurnal Jurisprudence Vol. 13, No. 1, June 2023
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jurisprudence.v13i1.1739

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective: This research was conducted to present considerations to the judge regarding the notary's right of refusal in the case of an examination (Study on Case Decision Number 1003 K/PID/2015) and the consequences related to the notary's right utilization according to the law on the notary's office and code of ethics in Indonesia. Methodology: This research adopted normative juridical law research, employing statute and case approaches. The materials obtained from the research findings were systematically collected and classified according to the subject matter and then qualitatively analyzed. Results: This research emphasized that the right of refusal in the position of a notary is contained in the notary oath of office, which prohibits disseminating the contents of the data. Regarding the consequences of the notary refusal, the notary will be discharged from witness obligations or a general testimony for the release of the notary from various demands related to all parties' interests. Applications of this study: The study provides a reference conceptualized into norms that can be accepted and implemented in society and become a moral guideline regarding the notary's right of refusal in the case of an examination. Novelty/Originality: This research concerns the notary's right of refusal in the examination context and its consequences. This study focuses on the judge's consideration investigation and its relation to the law on notary office and the notary code of ethics, which are relatively uncommon in Indonesia.  Keywords: Notary, Right of Refusal, Law on Notary Office, Code of Ethics   ABSTRAK  Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan pertimbangan kepada hakim mengenai hak ingkar notaris dalam perkara pemeriksaan (Studi Putusan Perkara Nomor 1003 K/PID/2015) dan akibat yang terkait dengan penggunaan hak notaris menurut hukum tentang jabatan notaris dan kode etik di Indonesia. Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan kasus. Bahan-bahan yang diperoleh dari temuan penelitian dikumpulkan secara sistematis dan diklasifikasikan menurut pokok bahasan kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil: Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa hak ingkar jabatan notaris tertuang dalam sumpah jabatan notaris yang melarang penyebarluasan isi data. Mengenai akibat penolakan notaris tersebut, notaris akan dibebaskan dari kewajiban saksi atau keterangan umum untuk pembebasan notaris dari berbagai tuntutan yang berkaitan dengan kepentingan semua pihak. Aplikasi penelitian: Kajian ini memberikan acuan yang dikonseptualisasikan ke dalam norma-norma yang dapat diterima dan dilaksanakan di masyarakat serta menjadi pedoman moral mengenai hak ingkar notaris dalam hal pemeriksaan. Kebaruan/Orisinalitas: Penelitian ini menyangkut hak ingkar notaris dalam konteks pemeriksaan dan akibatnya. Kajian ini berfokus pada pemeriksaan pertimbangan hakim dan kaitannya dengan undang-undang jabatan notaris dan kode etik notaris yang relatif jarang ditemui di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Notaris, Hak Menolak, UU Jabatan Notaris, Kode Etik
Co-Authors Abed Nego Marpaung Aliya Suci Maghfirli Nuraliah Ali Ruzian Markom