Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months is critical for neonatal health and development. Despite government initiatives, the exclusive breastfeeding rate in Indonesia remains below the national target of 80% as set by the Ministry of Health. One of the significant psychological determinants of successful breastfeeding is maternal self-efficacy, or the mother’s belief in her ability to breastfeed successfully. This study aimed to explore the breastfeeding self-efficacy of a postpartum mother during the first 24 hours following delivery. This case report employed a descriptive design using a nursing care approach. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale–Short Form (BSES-SF), consisting of 14 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, was used to measure the mother's level of breastfeeding self-efficacy. The assessment was conducted twice: at 2 hours postpartum and again at 24 hours postpartum. The study was carried out in May 2025 at the Bougenville Room of Tidar Hospital, Magelang City. At 2 hours postpartum, the mother demonstrated a high breastfeeding self-efficacy score of 55, indicating strong confidence. However, by 24 hours postpartum, her score had decreased to 49, a moderate level, coinciding with her report of inadequate milk production. This change suggests that early lactation difficulties can negatively influence a mother’s self-confidence in breastfeeding. Inadequate breast milk production during the first 24 hours postpartum can reduce maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. It is essential for nurses to provide education and emotional support in the early postpartum period to help mothers build confidence and improve breastfeeding outcomes.