Ahmed Shbair
Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

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Voicing Palestinian resistance through literary work: Analysis of metaphor in manshūrāt fidā’iyyah 'alā judrān isrāīl by Nizar Qabbani Zulfa Khuriyatul Farah; Mustabir Halim; Ahmed Shbair; Amal Syahidin
Diwan: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Imam Bonjol Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15548/diwan.v17i1.1861

Abstract

Manshūrāt Fidā'iyyah 'alā Judrān Isrāīl is one of the iconic Palestinian resistance literature pieces composed by Nizar Qabbani. Although several scholars have analysed the poem, none have focused on the meaning and value of resistance. For this reason, this study aims to identify metaphors to emphasise the spirit of resistance in the poem. The descriptive qualitative method is used to achieve this goal. Data collected through documentation, reading, and note-taking techniques were then analysed through the stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research findings show the types of metaphors consisting of objective (36.5%), human (22.2%), metaphysical (17.4%), actual (8.7%), living (6.3%), animate (4.7%), and inertia (3.9%). The metaphorical expression employed in the poetry carries profound and impactful meanings, serving as a powerful call for resistance against the occupiers. Through his verses, Qabbani underscores the enduring presence of Palestine and its people, asserting that no matter the efforts of Israel and its allies to obliterate them, Palestine will persevere and remain steadfast. Therefore, the metaphors in this poem are not just symbols, but are expected to form a cognitive awareness. On the other hand, Qabbani uses metaphors that are close to the perception of the Palestinian people to encourage resistance. Theoretically, this research has implications for strengthening semantic theory, especially human perception space, which has proven effective in revealing poetry's more profound and comprehensive meanings. While practically, this research has implications for amplifying the voicing of resistance through poetry and literary studies to defend humanity in Palestine.
Pragmatic acts and bilingual audience design: A critical pragmatics analysis of Al Jazeera Arabic and English in the 2026 Iran–Israel–US conflict report Awliya Rahmi; Mouna Bechlem Bouratoua; Aya Qasim Hasan; Jarot Wahyudi; Ahmed Shbair
Diwan: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Imam Bonjol Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15548/diwanjurnalbahasadansastraarab.v18i1.2912

Abstract

How a single media institution constructs divergent meanings for two linguistically distinct audiences constitutes a salient question in media studies, particularly where that institution operates at the intersection of Arab and international news. Al Jazeera's Arabic (AJA) and English (AJE) services have attracted considerable scholarly attention as paradigmatic instances of this phenomenon. Previous research has mostly approached both media through framing theory or critical discourse analysis, neglecting the pragmatic mechanisms that direct meaning for different readers. Jacob Mey's critical pragmatics, through its concept of the pragmatic act (pract), affords a more precise entry point into this gap. Employing this framework for comparative analysis, the study examines AJA and AJE coverage of the Iran-Israel-US conflict across five thematic events (February-June 2026). Twenty purposively sampled news articles were coded deductively using Mey's six pract categories: alluding, implying, hinting, voicing, quoting, and echoing. Both AJA and AJE rely most heavily on voicing and implying pract, but diverge in a distinctive secondary pract: AJA layers echoing pract onto this shared foundation, activating Arab collective memory and positioning readers within a solidarity-oriented frame, while AJE layers hinting pract, distributing epistemic authority through formally qualified attribution to cultivate critical consensus among a heterogeneous readership.