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THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN BRICS AND G7 IN RESPONDING TO THE UKRAINE-RUSSIA CRISIS: G20 MULTILATERAL CRISIS? Ica Cahayani; Ahmad Mujaddid Fachrurreza; Agata Nina Puspita
Global South Review Vol 4, No 1 (2022): Global South Review
Publisher : Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/globalsouth.81003

Abstract

Introduction/Main Objective: This research discusses the differences in BRICS and G7 responses to the Ukraine-Russia conflict, where these two groups consist of countries with different political interests. Following the results of the G7 and BRICS Summits, both responded differently to the Ukraine-Russia crisis. Background Problem: Differences in response are proposed because the G20 has the vision to achieve the resolution of policy issues on problems that hinder world economic growth, one of which is the food crisis caused by the Uraina-Russia conflict. The selection of the G7 and BRICS's different responses is the right strategy to determine how much potential the G20 has. It is difficult to achieve its goal of providing solutions for the world economy thanks to the structure of its members, who have diverse interests and responses to the Ukraine-Russia crisis. Novelty: This study uses interest-based theory to analyze the differences in the responses of the G7 and BRICS. This theory seeks to explain the formation of the G20's international regime by dismantling aspects of the fundamental interests behind the cognitive states that decided to establish the international regime of the G20. Method: The method used in this research is the discourse analysis method in a case set because this study wants to see changes in discourse related to the multilateral G20. Findings/Results: The complexity of trading, namely the BRICS and G7, with different responses and interests in responding to the Ukrainian crisis, can encourage a multilateralism crisis in the G20. The research results prove that the complexity of reporting generates different interests, so the response to the Ukrainian-Russian crisis tends to differ. Conclusion: The G20 has not been able to overcome the different interests of its members in solving the problem of the world food crisis because the discussion of the world food crisis is linked to the discussion of Ukrainian-Russian security politics.
Navigating Conditional Funding: Policy Reforms and Transparency Challenges in Indonesia’s JETP Implementation Maudy Noor Fadhlia; Ahmad Mujaddid Fachrurreza; Zhillan Fahlevi
Jurnal Perspektif Vol 10 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Perspektif
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jp.v10i1.450

Abstract

Indonesia, which possesses significant renewable energy potential, is at a critical stage in its energy transition. Through the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP), the country has secured an international financing commitment of USD 20 billion. However, access to these funds depends on meeting several requirements related to policy reform, transparency, and clear implementation strategies. This study aims to examine the challenges faced by Indonesia in fulfilling these requirements and to analyze the relationship between global climate finance expectations and Indonesia’s domestic socio-economic and political dynamics. This research employs a qualitative case study approach based on document analysis of the JETP agreement, government policies, and reports from international organizations and civil society groups. The findings indicate that although Indonesia demonstrates strong commitment to energy transition, policy reforms frequently encounter resistance from existing regulatory frameworks and entrenched interests within the fossil fuel sector. In addition, limited transparency in project selection and weak inter-institutional coordination continue to constrain effective fund utilization. These findings suggest that the success of JETP implementation depends not only on financial absorption capacity but also on strengthened governance, regulatory consistency, and transparent implementation frameworks.
Japan's Policy Rationality in Cooperation with Myanmar Amidst Humanitarian Conflicts Post 2021-2023 Fauzia Latifah Aini; Putri Mayang Rembulan; Ahmad Mujaddid Fachrurreza; Zahra Suci Ramadhani; Jesha Yemima Gunawan
Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (JISIP) Vol 14, No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tungga Dewi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33366/jisip.v14i2.3500

Abstract

This study aims to elucidate the underlying factors driving Japan’s cooperation with Myanmar during the humanitarian crisis following the military coup. This study aims to uncover Japan’s unexpressed interests in maintaining its relationship with Myanmar, particularly as Japan becomes increasingly criticized. By applying rational choice theory, which is based on calculating the cost and benefit of each policy option, in addition to the logic of Neoclassical Realism to incorporate the interpretation of domestic institutions such as corporate interest and public opinion, it contains the rational choice dimensions of why Japan decided to adopt hedging strategy in Myanmar. The study employs a qualitative case study methodology incorporating process tracing to chart the evolution of Japan’s Southeast Asia policy through analysis of primary Ministry of Foreign Affairs documents, Official Development Assistance (ODA) data, and policymakers’ public speeches. The results provide evidence that Japan values long-term benefits in terms of resource access and strategic leverage to counterbalance China’s influence in Southeast Asia, while minimizing its reputational costs through limitations on direct assistance to the Tatmadaw. Moreover, the survey’s findings also suggest that, following the coup, boundedly rational decision-making under conditions of limited information led Japan not to impose humanitarian sanctions but to opt for a mixture of economic engagement and soft balancing. This research fills a gap in literature by demonstrating how state actors engage in rationalist calculations and thereby manage the tension between human values and national interests.Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap minat Jepang yang tidak diungkapkan untuk menjaga hubungannya dengan Myanmar, khususnya, karena Jepang menjadi lebih dikritik. Dengan menerapkan teori pilihan rasional, yang didasarkan pada perhitungan biaya dan manfaat dalam setiap opsi kebijakan, selain logika Realisme Neoklasik untuk memasukkan interpretasi tentang institusi domestik seperti kepentingan perusahaan dan opini publik, ini mengandung dimensi pilihan rasional mengapa Jepang memutuskan untuk mengadopsi strategi lindung nilai di Myanmar. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah studi kasus kualitatif dengan penelusuran proses yang digunakan untuk melacak perkembangan kebijakan Jepang yang ditujukan untuk Asia Timur dan Tenggara, dengan menganalisis dokumen kebijakan primer dari Kementerian Luar Negeri Jepang, data Bantuan Pembangunan Resmi (ODA), dan pidato publik yang dibuat oleh pembuat kebijakan. Hasilnya memberikan bukti bahwa Jepang menghargai manfaat jangka panjang dalam hal akses sumber daya dan pengaruh strategis untuk mengimbangi pengaruh Tiongkok di Asia Tenggara sambil meminimalkan biaya reputasinya melalui pembatasan bantuan langsung kepada Tatmadaw. Selain itu, temuan survei juga menunjukkan bahwa setelah kudeta, pengambilan keputusan yang sangat rasional dalam kondisi informasi terbatas membuat Jepang tidak menjatuhkan sanksi kemanusiaan, tetapi memilih campuran keterlibatan ekonomi dan penyeimbangan halus. Penelitian ini mengisi celah dalam literatur dengan menunjukkan bagaimana aktor negara terlibat dalam perhitungan rasionalis dan dengan demikian menangani ketegangan antara nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dan kepentingan nasional.