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All Journal JURNAL HUKUM Pembaharuan Hukum
Kadir, Adies
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Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Judicial Power and Judges’ Status in Indonesia’s Constitutional Framework Kadir, Adies; Gunarto, Gunarto; Suwarno, Suwarno; Kabir, Md Adnan
Jurnal Hukum Vol 41, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Unissula

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/jh.41.1.195-215

Abstract

This study aims to analyze and formulate the ideal concept of regulating the position of judges as State Officials from the perspective of ius constituendum, by considering the principle of the rule of law adopted by Indonesia. In the Indonesian constitutional system, Article 24 of the 1945 Constitution affirms the judicial power that is independent and free from interference by other powers. However, reality shows that the dualism of the judge's status—as a civil servant and state official—causes ambiguity in the personnel system, administration, and judicial independence. This study uses a normative approach with a qualitative legal analysis method, supported by a philosophical and legislative approach. The results of the study show that the status of judges should be consistently recognized as State Officials to strengthen independence, professionalism, and integrity in carrying out judicial functions. Philosophically, the independence of judges reflects the noble values of Pancasila and the principle of Belief in the One Almighty God, as contained in the court rulings. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate new regulations that eliminate dualism of status and ensure institutional protection for judges. It is hoped that this conceptual reformulation can become the basis for the formation of legislation that is fairer, more progressive and in accordance with the ideals of Indonesian law.
Measuring the Consistency of Pancasila Rule of Law Implementation in Ensuring Judicial Independence in Indonesia Kadir, Adies; Gunarto, Gunarto; Hussain, Abdullah Al-Monzur; Abu Taher, Mohammad
Jurnal Hukum Vol 41, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Unissula

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/jh.41.2.321-345

Abstract

This study examines the consistency of the implementation of the Pancasila State of Law in guaranteeing judicial freedom in Indonesia, as stipulated in Article 1 paragraph (3) and Article 24 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. The Pancasila State of Law integrates the rule of law, protection of human rights, the principles of legality, and judicial independence with Pancasila values that are philosophical, ethical, and religious. Judicial independence, as a key pillar, requires judges to be free from external intervention to produce fair and objective decisions. However, its implementation faces challenges, such as a history of executive intervention, the quality of human resources, and corrupt practices, collusion, and nepotism. This study uses a juridical normative method, analyzes laws and regulations, legal doctrine, and judicial practices in Indonesia, and compares them with the Dutch and United States judicial systems. The results show the need for legal reconstruction through strengthening the guarantee of the position of judge, transparent recruitment, separation of powers, independent budget management, and improving the appeal and cassation mechanisms. This reform will ensure an independent, professional, and integrity judiciary, in line with the values of Pancasila.
Optimization of Judicial Supervision in Indonesia: Challenges and Solutions in Maintaining Judicial Independence and Integrity Kadir, Adies; Gunarto, Gunarto; Suwarno, Suwarno
Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum Vol 12, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum
Publisher : UNISSULA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26532/jph.v12i1.45934

Abstract

Supervision of judges in Indonesia is a crucial element to maintain the integrity, independence, and professionalism of the judicial system. This study anayzes the effectiveness of the judicial oversight mechanism through an internal approach by the Supreme Court, external by the Judicial Commission, and the role of the community through a code of ethics. With a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, this study uses secondary data from legal documents, such as the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 48 of 2009, and the Joint Regulation of the MA-KY 2012, as well as interviews with judges and academics. The results of the study indicate that the MA's internal supervision is constrained by a large workload, while the KY's supervision is limited due to the Constitutional Court Decision Number 005/PUU-IV/2006, which excludes MK judges and supreme court justices, triggering the risk of judicial corruption and a crisis of public trust. Public supervision through a code of ethics is effective but requires further education. The main challenges include overlapping authority between the MA and KY and the lack of supervisory integrity. This study recommends better coordination, strengthening the authority of the KY, and increasing the role of the community to ensure justice and judicial independence.
Co-Authors Abu Taher, Mohammad Gunarto Gunarto Hussain, Abdullah Al-Monzur Kabir, Md Adnan Suwarno Suwarno