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All Journal Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains dan Teknologi Jurnal Kesehatan Farmasi
Fathanisa, Aulia
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Automotive Engineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences

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EFFECTS OF COMBINED EXPOSURE TO CARBON MONOXIDE AND HYDROGEN CYANIDE IN FORENSIC CASES: A LITERATURE STUDY Khansa, Balqis; Khoiriyah, Azzahra Nur; Fathanisa, Aulia; Hayaa, Nailah Sayyidatii
Jurnal Kesehatan Farmasi Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Kesehatan Farmasi
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi, Poltekkes Kemenkes Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36086/jkpharm.v7i1.2896

Abstract

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) are two toxic gases commonly released during fires, especially in enclosed spaces. Combined exposure to both gases can lead to synergistic toxic effects, causing systemic hypoxia and rapid death. This study aims to review the toxicological effects of combined CO and HCN exposure in the context of forensic toxicology. Methods: This study used a literature study method through searching articles in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The articles analyzed were selected based on inclusion criteria in the form of publication years 2018–2023and discussions on the combination of CO and HCN toxicity, as well as exclusion of articles before 2020 and those not relevant to the topic of fire poisoning. Results:From the results of the study, CO exposure causes the formation of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) which inhibits oxygen transport, while HCN inhibits oxygen utilization at the cellular level. The combination of the two exacerbates hypoxia, increasing the risk of sudden death, especially in confined spaces with poor ventilation. The study showed that COHb levels> 30% and HCN> 2 mg/L correlated with death from fire. Conclusion:Combined exposure to CO and HCN is rapidly lethal. Detection of COHb and HCN levels is very important for the diagnosis and forensic evaluation of fire victims.
Studi Literatur: Perbandingan Efektivitas Senyawa Bahan Alam Terhadap ACE Inhibitor Pada Penyakit Hipertensi Mustika, Ajeng Ulfa; ., Alifah; Nabila, Aliffa; Fathanisa, Aulia; Khoiriyah, Azzahra Nur; Rhamadianto, Muhammad Iqbal
Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains Dan Teknologi Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Juli-September
Publisher : CV. ITTC INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47233/jpst.v4i3.3401

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the Comparison of the Effectiveness of Natural Ingredient Compounds against ACE Inhibitors in Hypertension. Hypertension is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence due to changes in modern lifestyle. The use of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) such as captopril and benazepril is a pharmacological therapy that is commonly used to control blood pressure. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of synthetic ACEI compounds with natural ingredient compounds based on the mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic aspects. The method used was in the form of a literature review from various online scientific sources by selecting as many as three main journals as references, each discussing pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence, and clinical applications of ACE Inhibitors., with source search conducted through Google Scholar. The results of the study showed that natural compounds as antihypertensive agents, including flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, catechins, phenolic compounds, saponins, α-linolenic acid (ALA), terpenoids, essential oils, Triacetonamine, and hydrophobic (HAA) and aromatic (AAA) amino acids. These compounds work through various mechanisms, such as inhibiting the activity of the ACE enzyme, increasing the production of nitric oxide (NO) for vasodilation, regulating the expression of genes such as PPARγ (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma), decreasing the secretion of the hormones aldosterone and ADH, stabilizing the sympathetic nervous system, and providing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These various lines of action, both affecting the RAAS and non-RAS systems, have great potential as complementary therapies or effective and safe alternatives for the management of long-term hypertension.
Co-Authors ., Alifah Hayaa, Nailah Sayyidatii Khansa, Balqis Khoiriyah, Azzahra Nur Mustika, Ajeng Ulfa Nabila, Aliffa Rhamadianto, Muhammad Iqbal