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Pengelompokan Usia Warga Binaan dan Kepatuhan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Sistem Pemasyarakatan Gusron Gusron; Syafri Hariansah
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i1.11799

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the conformity of the age-based classification of prison inmates in Indonesia with human rights (HR) principles, evaluate the state's responsibility, and assess the potential use of Public Private Partnership (PPP) schemes in the development of age-based correctional facilities. The background of the research is based on the ongoing practice of housing juvenile, adult, and elderly inmates together in Indonesian correctional institutions, which contradicts Law Number 22 of 2022 on Corrections and international standards such as the Nelson Mandela Rules and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The urgency of this study lies in the need to protect vulnerable groups and provide equitable, humane, and rehabilitative correctional services. This research uses a normative legal method with statutory, human rights, and international comparative approaches, supported by qualitative data analysis. The findings reveal a significant gap between legal norms and field practices, inadequate fulfillment of state obligations, and high potential for PPP schemes as an alternative solution. The novelty of this study lies in its multidimensional approach and its proposal to apply PPP in age-based correctional institution management. The study concludes that the Indonesian state has yet to fully fulfill its constitutional and international obligations concerning the treatment of vulnerable inmate groups. Therefore, it recommends strengthening implementing regulations, enhancing institutional capacity, reforming legal culture, and applying a transparent, human rights-based PPP model as a strategic solution.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian pengelompokan warga binaan pemasyarakatan berdasarkan usia dengan prinsip-prinsip hak asasi manusia (HAM), serta mengevaluasi tanggung jawab negara dan potensi pemanfaatan skema Public Private Partnership (PPP) dalam pembangunan lembaga pemasyarakatan (Lapas) berbasis usia. Latar belakang penelitian didasari oleh masih terjadinya penggabungan warga binaan anak, dewasa, dan lansia di Lapas Indonesia, yang bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemasyarakatan serta prinsip-prinsip internasional seperti Nelson Mandela Rules dan Convention on the Rights of the Child. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada perlunya perlindungan terhadap kelompok rentan dan penyediaan fasilitas pemasyarakatan yang adil, manusiawi, dan rehabilitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, HAM, dan komparatif internasional, serta analisis data secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya diskrepansi antara norma hukum dan praktik lapangan, lemahnya pemenuhan tanggung jawab negara, serta potensi besar skema PPP sebagai solusi alternatif. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini terletak pada pendekatan multidimensional serta usulan penerapan PPP dalam konteks pemasyarakatan berbasis usia. Kesimpulannya, negara belum sepenuhnya memenuhi kewajiban konstitusional dan internasional dalam perlakuan terhadap warga binaan usia rentan. Oleh karena itu, disarankan adanya penguatan regulasi, peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan, reformasi budaya hukum, serta penerapan PPP berbasis prinsip transparansi dan HAM sebagai solusi strategis.
Legal Protection Against Child Sexual Exploitation Through Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Technology Riri Rianza; Suriadi Sirait; Gusron Gusron; Muhamad Adystia Sunggara; Syafri Hariansah
Mahkamah : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Juli : Mahkamah : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/mahkamah.v2i3.1542

Abstract

This research examines legal protection against child sexual exploitation through Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies, which are increasingly developing in the digital era. AR combines virtual elements with the real world, while VR creates a fully immersive environment. Both offer positive opportunities and serious risks, including new crime modes such as the creation of avatars or virtual models of children for sexual purposes, grooming in virtual spaces, and the distribution of immersive child pornography. Anonymity, the difficulty of age verification, the lack of digital literacy, and the forensic challenges of 3D content are significant obstacles to law enforcement. Existing regulations, including Law No. 17 of 2016 concerning Child Protection, Law No. 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to the ITE Law, and Law No. 12 of 2022 concerning the TPKS, have provided a strong legal basis, but do not specifically regulate AR/VR technology. A normative juridical research method with a statutory and conceptual approach is used to analyze existing norms, regulatory gaps, and their relevance to international standards such as the Budapest Convention and the Lanzarote Convention. The research findings emphasize the urgency of adaptive regulatory updates to technological developments, the implementation of cybersecurity standards, mandatory age verification, and strengthening the capacity of law enforcement officers in digital investigations and AR/VR forensics. Cross-border and cross-sector collaboration is needed to expedite notice and takedown mechanisms and close legal loopholes exploited by perpetrators. These efforts are expected to create a safe digital environment for children and increase the effectiveness of legal protection in the realm of immersive technology.