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All Journal Jurnal Fisika : Fisika Sains dan Aplikasinya Pillar of Physics: Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Fisika
Alghazali, Muhammad Fathurrachman
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Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Identification of Mesoscale Convective System Phenomena in Relation to Heavy Rain in Semarang (Case Study of the Squall Line on March 13, 2024) Cahya, Shintia Dwi; Halawa, Reinal Taruna Wahyu; Alghazali, Muhammad Fathurrachman; Saifulloh, Naufaldi; Kristianto, Aries
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 18, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/17058171074

Abstract

Indonesia, located in the equatorial region, experiences complex rainfall variability influenced by various climatic and geographic factors. Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS), including squall lines, are a significant contributor to extreme weather phenomena such as heavy rainfall and strong winds. This study investigates the mesoscale convective system (MCS) phenomenon, focusing on its formation, atmospheric dynamics, and associated rainfall distribution. This research investigates the squall line phenomenon, specifically focusing on a squall line event in Semarang, Indonesia, on March 13, 2024. Utilizing data from Himawari-8 satellite imagery, ERA5 reanalysis, and GSMaP rainfall observations, the research identifies the development, atmospheric dynamics, and rainfall intensity of the squall line. Satellite imagery analysis revealed the squall line's linear pattern with cloud top temperatures below -60°C, forming during intense convective activity. Atmospheric instability indices, including CAPE and LI, indicated favorable conditions for squall line development, based on a Skew-T Log-P diagram, shows CAPE values reaching 427 J/kg, minimal CIN, and increasing wind shear with altitude. Rainfall distribution analysis identified localized extreme precipitation exceeding 120 mm within the study period, which aligns with the squall line's trajectory. The findings highlight the significant role of squall lines in triggering heavy rainfall and hydrometeorological disasters in Indonesia, emphasizing the need for accurate monitoring and early warning systems.The findings highlight the critical role of mesoscale dynamics in triggering squall lines and their potential to induce hydrometeorological disasters. This study underscores the need for improved monitoring and forecasting of MCS events to mitigate their impacts on vulnerable regions like Semarang.
MICROPHYSICAL AND DYNAMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HAIL-BEARING CONVECTIVE CLOUDS IN DEPOK: THE CASE OF 28 OCTOBER 2024 Zikri, Muhammad Aulia; Alghazali, Muhammad Fathurrachman; Alamin, Mirza Virgiansah; Zakir, Achmad; Mulya, Aditya
Jurnal Fisika : Fisika Sains dan Aplikasinya Vol 11 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Fisika : Fisika Sains dan Aplikasinya
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Cendana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35508/fisa.v11i1.27602

Abstract

This study investigates the microphysical and dynamical characteristics of hail-producing convective clouds over the Depok region, Indonesia, through a case study of the event on 28 October 2024. A multi-data approach was applied by integrating weather radar data, Himawari-9 satellite, and ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis. Radar analysis revealed intense convective cores with reflectivity exceeding 55–60 dBZ, high Vertically Integrated Liquid (VIL) values (~50 mm), and ZHAIL probabilities above 80%, indicating well-developed hail cores. Satellite observations showed cloud growth and extremely low cloud-top temperatures coinciding with peak radar signatures. Although Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) values were relatively modest, reanalysis data indicated strong moisture availability, deep-layer instability, and favorable wind shear. These results demonstrate that hail formation in tropical urban regions is driven by the combined effects of moisture-rich environments, deep atmospheric instability, and organized convective dynamics rather than by high CAPE alone.
Co-Authors Alamin, Mirza Virgiansah Aries Kristianto Cahya, Shintia Dwi Halawa, Reinal Taruna Wahyu Mulya, Aditya Saifulloh, Naufaldi Zakir, Achmad Zikri, Muhammad Aulia