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All Journal Maqolat: Journal of Islamic Studies Al-Bunyan: Interdisciplinary Journal of Qur'an and Hadith Studies
Nazir Ahmad Zargar
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Can a Muslim Reject Evolution? A Theological Refutation of Common Ancestry Nazir Ahmad Zargar
al-Bunyan: Interdisciplinary Journal of Qur'an and Hadith Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/bunyan.v3i1.58

Abstract

This paper critically examines Caner Taslaman’s argument that the Qur’ān is silent on Darwinian evolution and that Muslims can remain theologically neutral regarding human evolution. Taslaman contends that Ādam’s creation was a gradual process and that evolution does not conflict with Islamic teachings. In his chapter“Can a Muslim be an Evolutionist?” he claims that the creation of Ādam was ‘processive’, not instantaneous. The author further argues that Muslims should not have any reason to refute Darwinian evolution because the Qur’ān itself is silent about it. In contrast, this study argues that the concept of evolutionary common ancestry, especially human descent from animals, contradicts explicit Qur’ānic Āyāt, authentic Ḥadīth, and Ijmāʿ (unanimous scholarly consensus). Drawing upon classical and modern Qur’ānic Tafsīr, Ḥadīth interpretations, and scientific critiques of Darwinian gradualism, the paper affirms Ādam’s unique, instantaneous creation. It further highlights the theological and moral ramifications of rejecting this doctrine within Islam.
Between ʿAql and Naql: Negotiating Reason and Revelation in the Islamic Intellectual Tradition Nazir Ahmad Zargar
MAQOLAT: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): Transformative Islamic Thought Based on the Qur'an
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/maqolat.v3i3.161

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between ʿaql (human reason) and naql (divine revelation) in Islamic intellectual history. After defining these terms, it studies classical perspectives from early rationalists to Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī (874–936 CE) and Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī (853–944 CE) theologians on whether apparent conflicts between reason and scripture can arise. Drawing on Qur’anic tafsīr and theological works of scholars like al‑Ghazzālī (1058–1111) and Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328), the study shows how genuine contradiction is considered impossible (since both reason and revelation originate from One Single God — Allāh ﷻ) but how unusual instances like mu‘jizāt (miracles) and ghāʾib (the unseen) may challenge habitual expectations. Case studies, like the ḥadīth about the fly, the Qur’ān (13:12-13) on lightning and thunder, and Day of Judgment signs like the westward sunrise, illustrate how premodern and contemporary scholars distinguish contrary to reason (logically impossible) from contrary to habit (empirically rare). A comparison between scientific reasoning and daily experiences with scriptural texts is made to show that true reconciliation involves contextual interpretation, recognition of the limits of reason, and assent to divine omnipotence. The paper concludes that in mainstream Sunni thought, reason and revelation are ultimately harmonious: any apparent conflict must be addressed by careful analysis, metaphorical readings, or admission that human knowledge is incomplete.
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