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All Journal Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga
Al Ayyubi, Muhammad Salahudin
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Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Public Health Social Sciences

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Graduating at the wrong time: Labor market outcomes of colleges graduates during economic contraction Al Ayyubi, Muhammad Salahudin; Pratomo, Devanto Shasta
Jurnal Ikatan Sarjana Ekonomi Indonesia Vol 14 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52813/jei.v14i1.397

Abstract

The severe economic contraction caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has led to high unemployment rates among college graduates. Fresh graduates entering the labor market are often highly sensitive to prevailing economic conditions. The impact of graduating at an unfavorable time can also vary significantly among workers, depending on their field of study. This study has two main objectives. First, it examines the effect of graduation timing, proxied by the unemployment rate, on labor absorption in Indonesia and how long these effects persist. Second, it analyzes the differences in job market sensitivity across disciplines among college graduates in Indonesia, particularly during economic contractions. The data used in this study come from the 2021 Indonesian National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas). The findings indicate that those who graduate during unfavorable economic conditions tend to experience significant income declines for over 10 years. Moreover, they face lower chances of obtaining decent jobs and are more likely to be overeducated for their roles. Additionally, college graduates from STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields experience less income compared to those from social sciences and humanities disciplines. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for policymakers in promoting income stability, aligning education with labor market demands, ensuring equal access, and fostering cross-disciplinary inclusivity. These efforts could contribute to developing a resilient and adaptive workforce capable of overcoming economic challenges and supporting sustainable economic growth. Keywords: labor market; unemployment rate; STEM; income JEL Classification: J24; J21; E32
Pentingkah Pekerjaan Ibu dalam Literasi Anak di Indonesia? Nur Asrofi, Dien Amalina; Al Ayyubi, Muhammad Salahudin
Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga Vol. 2, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of maternal employment status and job type on children's literacy skills in Indonesia, using data from the 2023 National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) and a binary logistic regression approach. The results show that working mothers, particularly those in the formal sector, are positively and significantly correlated with children's literacy, especially in non-poor households. These findings highlight the important role of maternal employment contribution in strengthening educational investment within families. In contrast, among poor households, formal employment of mothers does not significantly influence children's literacy, indicating that economic constraints remain a major barrier. In addition, child-specific factors such as gender, household economic status, and geographic location, also affect literacy outcomes; girls, children from non-poor households, and those living in Java tend to have higher literacy levels. The policy implications suggest the need to promote maternal economic empowerment by expanding inclusive access to employment through skills training, flexible job opportunities, and entrepreneurial support tailored to the needs of women as primary caregivers. Furthermore, gender-responsive educational interventions and strengthened educational support for poor households and underdeveloped regions are crucial to ensure equitable and inclusive literacy development nationwide.
Co-Authors Devanto Shasta Pratomo Nur Asrofi, Dien Amalina