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All Journal JURNAL AKADEMIK EKONOMI DAN MANAJEMEN
Uci Fadillah
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Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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Dinamika Implementasi PPh Pasal 23 pada Sektor Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM): Studi Fenomenologi di Kota Medan Putri Norlayli Mustakim; Uci Fadillah; Siti Khairani Arfandi
JURNAL AKADEMIK EKONOMI DAN MANAJEMEN Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL AKADEMIK EKONOMI DAN MANAJEMEN  Juni
Publisher : CV. KAMPUS AKADEMIK PUBLISING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61722/jaem.v2i2.5111

Abstract

This study analyzes the dynamics of implementing Income Tax Article 23 (PPh Pasal 23) among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Medan City using a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 SME owners who had fulfilled PPh Pasal 23 obligations for at least two years. Four critical themes were identified: (1) limited understanding of tax objects and mechanisms, (2) administrative challenges in digital systems (e-billing and e-SPT), (3) perceptions of fiscal injustice due to double taxation and inequality with informal sector competitors, and (4) the role of external pressures from business partners in driving compliance. The research highlights the disparity between regulatory design and SMEs' adaptive capacity, as well as the psychosocial complexity in internalizing tax obligations. Policy implications emphasize the need for contextual education, simplified administrative systems, equitable law enforcement, and multi-stakeholder collaboration to build an inclusive compliance ecosystem.
PERAN PERUMUSAN MASALAH DAN TINJAUAN PUSTAKA DALAM MENJAMIN KUALITAS PENELITIAN ILMIAH Putri Norlayli Mustakim; Uci Fadillah; Siti Khairani Arfandi
JURNAL AKADEMIK EKONOMI DAN MANAJEMEN Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): JURNAL AKADEMIK EKONOMI DAN MANAJEMEN 
Publisher : CV. KAMPUS AKADEMIK PUBLISING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61722/jaem.v2i4.7909

Abstract

Problem formulation and literature review are pivotal methodological elements in scientific research that contribute to the study’s methodological and scholarly quality. Problem formulation determines research focus and direction, while literature review provides theoretical foundations and identification of research gaps (Rahman et al., 2025; Ebidor & Ikhide, 2024). This study used a qualitative approach with a library research design and content analysis to review literature regarding the role of these components in ensuring research quality. Findings indicate that clear problem formulation supports methodological consistency and clarity of objectives, while comprehensive literature review strengthens theoretical grounding and helps identify relevant research gaps. Their integration significantly enhances focus, relevance, and validity of scientific research.
Co-Authors Putri Norlayli Mustakim Siti Khairani Arfandi